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《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感10篇

2018-06-03 20:15:01 来源:文章吧 阅读:载入中…

《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感10篇

  《亨利四世:第一部分》是一部由理查德·艾尔执导,杰瑞米·艾恩斯 / 汤姆·希德勒斯顿 / 西蒙·拉塞尔·比尔主演的一部剧情 / 历史类型电影文章吧小编精心整理的一些观众观后感希望大家能有帮助

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(一):台词摘抄(BBC&破烂熊的版本

  1. What a devil hast thou to do with the time of the day? Unless hours were cups of sack and minutes capons and clocks the tongues of bawds and dials the signs of leaping-houses and the blessed sun himself a fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta …

  2. … shall there be gallows standing in England when thou art king? Do not thou, when thou art king, hang a thief?

  3. Before I knew thee, Hal, I knew nothing, and now am I, if a man should speak truly, little better than one of the wicked.哈尔,我认识你之前,心地纯朴,而我现在呢,说实话,比一个坏人好不了多少。

  4. … which the proud soul ne’er pays but to the proud.唯骄治骄。

  5. Were it not for laughing, I should pity him.

  6. I shall hereafter, my thrice gracious lord, be more myself. … exchange his glorious deeds for my indignities.

  7. Percy stands on high and either we or they must lower lie.潘西嚣张跋扈,不是他死就是我亡。【英文好含蓄,中文好对仗】

  8. Wherein is he good but to taste sack and drink it? Wherein neat and cleanly but to carve a capon and eat it? Wherein cunning but in craft? Wherein crafty but in villainy? Wherein villainous, but in all things? Wherein worthy but in nothing? 他有什么本事,只会品酒和喝酒吧?他笨手笨脚,只会切鸡肉吃吧?他的聪明都用在阴谋诡计上,而这些计谋都用于作恶,他干的哪一件不是坏事,又干过什么好事

  9. … broke oath on oath, committed wrong on wrong, … 出尔反尔,冤枉忠良

  10. Henry IV - You have not sought it? How comes it, then?

  Falstaff - Rebellion lay in his way and he found it.

  11. Harry to Harry shall, hot horse to horse.

  12. I could have better spared a better man.就是死了个比你更好的人也不会让我如此难过

  Embowelled will I see thee by and by. Till then, in blood by noble Percy lie.你的内脏会渐渐被鸟兽啃食光,暂且陪高贵的潘西一同躺在血泊里吧。

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(二):FALSTAFF -Honor

  FALSTAFF

  'Tis not due yet; I would be loath to pay him before

  his day. What need I be so forward with him that

  calls not on me? Well, 'tis no matter; honour pricks

  me on. Yea, but how if honour prick me off when I

  come on? how then? Can honour set to a leg? no: or

  an arm? no: or take away the grief of a wound? no.

  Honour hath no skill in surgery, then? no. What is

  honour? a word. What is in that word honour? what

  is that honour? air. A trim reckoning! Who hath it?

  he that died o' Wednesday. Doth he feel it? no.

  Doth he hear it? no. 'Tis insensible, then. Yea,

  to the dead. But will it not live with the living?

  o. Why? detraction will not suffer it. Therefore

  I'll none of it. Honour is a mere scutcheon: and so

  ends my catechism.

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(三):莎爷的小鲜肉和嬛嬛的老咸菜

  刚开始的看的时候,以为都是写君王故事,所以期待宫斗、阴谋是很正常的,结果大失所望老外怎么这样敷衍啊,Hal这鲜肉样就一代明君了?说好的英明神武呢?几乎木有啥宫斗情节,更别提好莱坞大片中的千军万马大乱斗了,也木有什么欲迎还拒的黄袍加身,篡位也交代得极为简单(这好像上一集的情节了)。反正跟嬛嬛比简直弱! 爆! 了!连《冰与火之歌》里面的人物都比这复杂好么。

  全剧看完,还记得什么了呢?只有那个胖得像酒桶的Falstaff,唾沫淋漓,艳压全场。还有那个场景,Falstaff听闻一起打混的小王子Hal顺承大位,连滚带爬飞奔回来沾光,然后就被君王无情地拒绝了。此时,说实话,因为Falstaff就是个丑角,小人比较接近Sir John Falstaff福爵爷形象的其实是韦爵爷,但人家韦爵爷虽然也贪财好色且奸猾,但人家的闪光点是重情重义好不好。而这Falstaff除了插科打诨,逗人发笑之外,一点正面都木有。所以即使感受到他的失望,心里更多认同是Hal的理智,我们接受了不少这种教育嘛,要么你狠,要么你有好手腕

  然后,我就看了Simon Schama's Shakespeare。这是讲解莎剧如何成为经典的。主要是分析了很多当时的时代背景,比如莎剧之前只有奇迹剧可看,比如语言本身变得重要,比如英国正在成形,需要语言和形象的自我认同等等。这些都还很正常嘛。

  然后看到一个论断,俺就震惊了。在莎爷心中,这个胖胖的Falstaff乃是英格兰的象征。你能忍受把“我们的大中国”写成一个油腔滑调的大胖子么?但据说Falstaff当时还相当受欢迎,是人民群众喜闻乐见艺术形象,在Falstaff被拒绝一蹶不振之后,当时的女王要求莎爷给加戏,还观众一个生龙活虎的Falstaff。

  为啥呢?莎爷的戏里其实给了每个阶层角色生动表现,无论贩夫走卒或是王公大臣。当时有两个英格兰,一个是夏天的英格兰,小酒馆中的生活平民阶层的生活,汁液淋漓,充满欢乐。一个是冬天的英格兰,森严,乏味贵族阶层的生活。而Falstaff就是活力四射的那一个,那些的风趣幽默话语就是莎翁旅行表演中各地小酒馆,旅店日常的再现,真实亲切,带给人们欢乐。而他的食欲其实是生命力的象征。而Hal对Falstaff的拒绝其实是一种自我阉割,成为亨利五世的Hal从此再没有了之前在小酒馆的欢乐。估计这也是当时的女王心底不能说的秘密吧。

  从这一点上看这也许就是东西两出戏之间的区别。甄嬛中极力表现了人性的扭曲,人在针尖密布的地上行走,虽然把一众花样姑娘变成了一块块老姜,但以君主制为辩护,以生存为正义给了这种扭曲的合法性。而之所以风行,深得人心,因为它是对于普通人的生活而言是政治正确的,我们早就接受了这样的教训心思缜密偏执才能生存,成功即正义。而莎剧中这并不是重点,他生动的语言(虽然这点可能感受并不直接),鲜活的人物和时代风貌。不矫饰,不避讳,也不标榜,写君王的理性至上,更写出了普遍的人性,完整的人性。

  这也许是莎剧这样听起来像老咸菜的经典却一直鲜嫩多汁的原因吧。

  部分观点引用自Simon Schama's Shakespeare,理解莎剧的绝佳伴侣

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(四):I'll so offend, to make offense a skill, redeeming time when men think least I will.

  我要坚持写完这个系列,哪怕只是只言片语

  历史上亨利四世在位期间的这次叛乱,一半由于马契伯爵莫提默的被俘而亨利拒绝出资赎回,一半因为亨利要求佩尔西不要收取俘虏的赎金而损害了诺森伯兰家的利益。但最根本的原因,还是由于诺森伯兰是最早支持亨利回国讨公道的人,他自认为自己是亨利登基最大的功臣,理应享有一切荣光,所有要求都应该被满足,而亨利则一方面害怕他权势过大,另一方面马契伯爵莫提默对王位的继承权也使得他无法安稳的坐于王座之上。因此这场战争是无法避免的,如果说谁是这战役胜者,无疑是年轻的威尔士亲王。

  这部本子相比上一部《理查二世》显然更适合改变成电影,基本上都是群戏,更便于突出布局冲突,而不是单调的一个人对着镜头大段念白。如果说上一部让我们被小本同学深厚的台词功底震撼的话,这一部戏的精华显然在于两对“父子”间的你来我往。亨利与哈尔,福斯塔夫与哈尔。

  虽然亨利是哈尔生父,但从最开始铁丝叔满心遗憾独白便可看出,他反而更希望是哪个夜游的仙女弄混了他的诺森伯兰的孩子,使得两个哈利入错了门户。虽然历史上Hotspur要比哈利王子大很多,但此处莎翁为了凸显父子戏的冲突而对历史有了些许改动。

  同样的,表面上看放浪不羁的哈利和福斯塔夫更像是市井里一对寻常父子,喝酒作乐不问世事。而只有在人群中自省的一刻,我们才能看到哈利心里和其年龄表象所不般配成熟。这里的一段独白也是全剧我最喜欢的一段。深埋在他各种胡作非为下的那颗青年的心,才像是王座的嫡传。

  因此这样的父子戏势必会带来贯穿全剧的冲突,相比而言,最后那场仿佛泥地打滚的战争场面不值一提了。

  整场看下来,我最爱的两个场景,一是戏中戏,福斯塔夫和哈利互相扮演亨利四世和哈利自己,尤其是后半段当哈利坐上那个寒碜的王座,带着一顶破烂毡帽,俯视下面那个脑满肠肥的胖子在胡言乱语的时候,瞬间表情变化,哈利在那一刻已经初具人王之相。另一个是经跟在后面的哈利被召唤至王座前,铁丝叔和抖森的对戏几乎让人看得想在嘴里咬点什么东西才够过瘾。铁丝叔时抑时扬,愤怒忧伤情绪转换自然流畅真心让人膜拜。而相比老戏骨来说,抖森已经做得足够好,【当然有可能是因为我是脑残粉】但这两个场景下抖森的眼神和表情都给得很到位。先是一句I do. I will. 前后两个词时态的变化,已经完成了一个身份的转接。前一刻他是假扮的亨利四世,后一刻他是未来的亨利五世。而在堂前,听到父亲说自己会毫不犹豫投靠佩尔西的时候,那个眼神真的传达出了一个受伤的儿子面对父亲的失望的无比心痛。如果硬要说抖森的不好,或许是在台词的表达方面,有点太抖森了,闭着眼也能感觉出来他说那样一句话时候是什么样的神情。所以有人说他是本色演出,一笑就裂等等,但我希望他日后能像铁丝叔一样把台词的吞吐拿捏到无比自然。当然这需要时间……

  最后,作为脑残粉,不得不嘲笑一下抖森童鞋那晶莹剔透的口水,据我观察至少喷了三次……每次台词长点,情绪激昂一点,势必会喷口水……我说抖童鞋。。。这是不是可以练练?不然以后谁敢跟你对戏哇!最后的战争戏是在很冷的天气情况下拍的,并且由于解手不便而不敢在下身套太多裤子,很杯具的结果就是这次不光喷口水了,连鼻涕一起喷了啊抖童鞋!!不知道躺在地上装死的福斯塔夫有木有受到流弹攻击……哈哈哈……

  最后的最后,导演,我就想问一句话,抖大咚的裤子裆前面的三角形是特么做什么用的?

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(五):是韬光养晦,更是大智若愚。

  读莎翁的时候总是问题重重,一会儿翻翻字典,一会儿查查资料,时间过了许久一两页都不曾读完。因为总是遇到古英语词汇这个“拦路虎”,导致我经常感到头晕脑胀,想着看看剧集轻松一下。

  《空王冠》系列的主演自不必说,清一色的英伦古典男神,里面大段大段的台词让我总有一种想背下来的冲动。虽然《亨利四世》有上下两集,但主角还是“抖森”演的威尔士王子,也就是未来的亨利五世喔~

  本片10分32秒---11分58秒的这段台词,配上“抖森”充满磁性的声线,我重复看了不下10遍。

  “I know you all and will awhile uphold the unyolked humour of your idleness.Yet herein I imitate the sun,who doth permit the base contagious clouds to smother up his beauty from the world.That,when he please again to be himself,being wanted,he may be more wondered at by breaking through the foul and ugly mists of vapours that did seem to strangle him.If all the year were playing holidays to sport would be as tedious as to work.But when they seldom come,they wished for come and nothing pleaseth but rare accidents.So,when this loose behaviour I throw off and pay the debt I never promised,by now how much better than my would I am by so much shall I satisfy men's hopes.And like bright metal on a sullen ground,my reformation gilittering o'er my fault.Shall now more goodly and attract more eyes than that which hath no foil to set it off.I'll so offend to make offence a skill,redeeming time when men think least I will.

  我知道你们是什么样的人,虽然暂且和你们一起鬼混,但其实我在效法太阳,容忍蔽日的浮云遮盖它的美貌。然而一旦它冲破污秽丑恶的迷雾,重展威严的时候,人们因对它渴望已久,而会格外惊奇赞叹。要是一年到头都吃喝玩乐,那也只会变得与劳作一样索然无趣,正因为机会难得,所以一旦浪子回了头,做出出人意料之举,让世人看到我并非那么不堪,则会远远超出他们对我的期望。就像放在灰暗地上的耀眼的金属,我的改头换面,会如瑕不掩瑜,比那些向来优秀的人更显卓越非凡、引人瞩目。叛逆不羁只是我的手段,在人们对我绝望透顶时再彻底洗心革面。”

  这样充满大智慧的亨利五世果然成为了一代英主,所以这段内心独白可以说是上半部分的点睛之笔呐~

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(六):Prince Hal Monologue

  I know you all, and will awhile uphold

  The unyoked humour of your idleness:

  Yet herein will I imitate the sun,

  Who doth permit the base contagious clouds

  To smother up his beauty from the world,

  That, when he please again to be himself,

  eing wanted, he may be more wonder'd at,

  y breaking through the foul and ugly mists

  Of vapours that did seem to strangle him.

  If all the year were playing holidays,

  To sport would be as tedious as to work;

  ut when they seldom come, they wish'd for come,

  And nothing pleaseth but rare accidents.

  o, when this loose behavior I throw off

  And pay the debt I never promised,

  y how much better than my word I am,

  y so much shall I falsify men's hopes;

  And like bright metal on a sullen ground,

  My reformation, glittering o'er my fault,

  hall show more goodly and attract more eyes

  Than that which hath no foil to set it off.

  I'll so offend, to make offence a skill;

  Redeeming time when men think least I will.

  才开始了解莎士比亚,是不是好迟好迟。

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(七):无题

  看到了好多熟悉的人波吉亚中的父亲(铁叔)唐顿中的大小姐以及抖森

  说是亨利四世 其实主角更像是抖森饰演的王子hal hal外表伪装成不学无术的样子 整天与市井小人混在一起 在他片头的自白中 他表示这是他故意装出来的 因为拥有坏前科的人一旦做出什么功绩 这样的反转会比他从始至终就拥有好的品行肯上进要让众人称颂得多 因此他与狡诈曲意逢迎装傻卖乖的福斯塔夫混在一起 他父亲亨利四世(铁叔)在理查王失势即位几十年后 遭到了当时扶持他的诺森伯兰及其儿子Percy的背叛 hal帮助父亲杀死了叛军首领Percy 赢得了战争 稳固了地位

  hal感觉就是一个表面上不学无术 其实内心还是很在意父亲对自己看法的矛盾的人 他虽然与福斯塔夫为伍 但隐隐保持距离 并不曾真正交心 不然在酒馆闹剧中 福斯塔夫期待地让他不要离开自己时 他就不会在犹豫后说“我不”了

  福斯塔夫是个表面上浑水摸鱼装傻卖乖的人 肥头大耳 看着就是个喜剧人物 但他很有心计 就像他说的 谨慎做事就是他能活下去的理由 他对hal也不是掏心掏肺的 或许有点真情 但架不住对自己利益的看中 所以在最后 hal把percy刺死之后他伪装已死 然后趁hal走了又把杀死percy的军功算在自己头上

  而亨利四世 在理查二世中年轻的亨利就不如本喵演的理查王出彩 但在这部中 铁叔让亨四重振威严 一举手一投足霸气十足

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(八):抖森是我的人生导师,莎士比亚太赞

  On the year of 2008, Olympic Game has been hold by England. For the sake of spreading England unique culture, which will also be beneficial to cross-cultural communication, BBC TV station has directed a series of film called Hollow Crown, which are some adapted works from Shakespeare’s history plays including RichardⅡ, HenryⅣ and HenryⅤ. To be honest, Henry Ⅳ is one of the greatest films I have ever watched.

  Henry IV is a story about a king who stole the crown from his cousin, and is tormented by his guilt. Also, it's growing story about his son, a feckless young prince, who is always exposed to some blackguardly ruffians. However, when he suddenly is conscious of his father’s weighty responsibility and his massive burden, the prince, who seems to be cynicism, is forced to grow up and face his destiny. Then, on succeeding to the throne, the new young king takes his country to war, realizing he must assume his responsibility to strengthen national defense and fight against invaders. Eventually he becomes the greatest warrior king in English history.

  In deep meaning, it's also an adventurous story of people facing an uncertain future, and of a country searching for a new sense of patriotic identity.

  In this film, what deeply impresses me most is not father and son, but friendship and betrayal. In fact, this movie does not put emphasis on the relationship between HenryⅣ and his son HenryⅣ,but do stand out what happens between the young prince Hal and his so-called loyal friend Jack Falstaff. To some extend, the friendship and betrayal is the most dramatic aspect, running through the whole movie.

  Jack Falstaff, as the leader of some ruffians, is almost paternal relationship with Hal, the young prince. Generally speaking, Falstaff is too much of a pretty crook, who is a congenital liar, congenital drunk as well as thief. However, Falstaff sets his affection on Hal, and the emotion shed by his eye really convince audiences that they own true friendship, conveying a message that even he is a ragtag, the prince still cherish their relationship.

  However, that is totally wrong. Why Shakespeare is a most renowned writer, because everything that is Shakespearean is ambiguous. And in the most ambiguous but dramatically important scenes, Hal's split loyalties between Falstaff and his father of are central to both plays.①

  Falstaff brings out the wayward and irresponsible side of Hal. However, the other side of the young prince's personality lies in this prince’s inherent essence. Although Hal seems like a terrible shit and he does some dreadful things, but in his inner world, he is a very upright person, he is also an ambitious and sophisticated politician.

  I know you all, and will awhile uphold the unyoked humor of your idleness.

  Yet herein will I imitate the sun, who doth permit the base contagious clouds to smother up his beauty from the world.

  That, when he please again be himself, being wanted, he may be more wondered at, by breaking through the foul and ugly mists of vapours that did seem to strangle him.③

  The words from Hal’s mouth show his ambition, appearing in the beginning of the film, give us a warning.

  o how could the writer, Shakespeare copes with this difficult problem? Why Shakespeare is being Shakespeare, because he solves it through a play within a play.

  rof.Jonathan Bate(Worcester College Oxford) claims that:

  This fantastic scene, to my mind. Come on, I'll say it the greatest scene Shakespeare ever wrote.

  This fantastic scene where they act out Prince Hal returning to court, being interviewed by his father.

  It's an amazing piece of theatre, where you have Falstaff and Hal playing the parts of King Henry IV and Hal.②

  In this play within play, Hal and Falstaff have an interesting pub game, they need to play the parts of King Henry IV and Hal, imitating a conversation between father and son.

  As first, Falstaff play the role of Hal’s father, the present king, in the course of communication, Falstaff doesn't tell Hal to pull his royal socks up. Rather, he instructs the young prince to spend more time with a splendid fellow called Falstaff. Falstaff regards that he is a loyal and true friend around Hal. And sometimes, indeed, he is, at least many audience thinks so, including me.

  Then, they change the position, Hal do an impression of his father, and Falstaff plays him. At the beginning, Hal pretends to be his father, being angry to interrogate his son, Falstaff, why he would play with a local ruffian. Later, Hal's perspective begins to change. He claims that his son Hal must banish his fat friend, Falstaff.

  Then Falstaff say the most impressive words from his bottom of heart:

  anish plump Jack, and banish all the world.③

  The emotion from their eye contacts reveals that they are all touched by these sincere sentences. Especially Hal, he moves to tears, totally smothering his tears from his eyes.

  However, the Hal say these words:

  I do.③

  Again, he supplies another sentences:

  I will.③

  That is really strange.

  When Hal says “I do.”, he is within the context of the play within the play, as the acting the part, in his father’s tone. But then, in that instant pause, and the shift of the verb tense “I will” disclosures that he is speaking not within the play within the play, but as himself.

  He is giving Falstaff warning that the moment will come, when he becomes a real king, he need to banish Falstaff.

  What happens to Hal, why he needs to say these serious words?

  It is believed that if you know the play well, if you love the play and the adapted movie, you cannot watch it with a dry eye.

  o at the end of that game, there is a chilling premonition, and that what appears in the ending of this movie.

  Gold save the king.③

  With these cheerful sentences, Hal is crowned in Westminster Abbey, and eventually becomes the king. Then in the parade, Falstaff deliberately happens to meet his heart, Hal. Falstaff want to claim kinship and let the king give him some advantages. However, the king changes his voice, he is strict with this fat man, saying the follow sentence:

  My lord Chief Justice, speak to that vain man

  I know thee not, old man. Fall to thy prayers. How ill white hairs become a fool and jester.

  I have long dreamed of such a kind of man so surfeit-swelled, so old and so profane. But, being awake, I do despise my dream.

  Make less thy body hence and more thy grace, leave gormandizing.

  Know the grave doth gape for thee thrice wider than for other men. Reply not to me with a fool-born jest!

  resume not that I am the thing I was.

  For God doth know, so shall the world perceive, that I have turned away my former self. So will I those that kept me company When thou dost hear I am as I have been, approach me and thou shalt be as thou wast, the tutor and the feeder of my riots.

  Till then I banish thee, on pain of death

  As I have done the rest of my misleaders, not to come near our person by ten mile. For competence of live I will allow you, the lack of means enforce you not to evil.

  And, as we hear you do reform yourselves, we will, according to your strengths and qualities, give you advancement.④

  That’s a very long monologue, but when Hal says these words. It is really powerful and awful. Does he totally forget the time Falstaff around him, like his father to care of him? Does he never remember the happy ages he enjoy his youth, not worrying his duty to take charge of a country?

  o why he does that?

  Hal is not to do this having a mater plan, he just has an idea of how he wants his life to go, he is aware of his responsibility, who knows the fun will have to end one day.

  Therefore, both these acts speak volumes. Hal gets rid of formal himself,

  And I think that is the most dramatic aspect of the whole movie. Making you so convincing that Falstaff and Hal is a pair of close friend, but the end reveals that they break down their relationship in this way. So amazing, is not it?

  ut the ending has its own premonition and reliable explanation. The most ambiguous part seems not so ambiguous, thanks to our greatest writer, Shakespeare.

  Like the so-called “O. Henry-style ending”, disclosure when the movie ends the people of the psychological situation changes unexpectedly, or the fate of the hero suddenly reversed, giving audiences an unexpected result, but also be associated with real life, resulting in a unique artistic charm.

  Reference:

  ①,② From: BBC Documentary: Shakespeare Uncovered_Jeremy Irons on the Henrys.

  ③ From: The movie: Henry IV

  ④ From: The Book: Henry IV

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(九):刚开始的独白。

  I know you all, and will awhile uphold the unyoked humour of your idleness. Yet herein will I imitate the sun who doth permit the base contagious clouds to smother up his beauty from the world, that when he please again to be himself, being wanted, he may be more wondered at, by breaking through the foul and ugly mists of vapours that did seem to strangle him.

  If all the year were playing holidays to sports would be as tedious as to work. But when they seldom come, they wished for come, and nothing pleaseth but rare accidents. So, when this loose behaviour I throw off and pay the debt I never promised, by how much better than my word I am, by so much shall I falsify men's hopes. And like bright metal on a sullen ground, my reformation, glittering o'er my fault, shall show more goodly and attract more eyes than that which hath no foil to se it off.

  I'll so offend to make offence a skill, redeeming time when men think least I will.

  中文就不放了。每个版本翻译不一样。

  《亨利四世:第一部分》观后感(十):贵国好乱——亨四、五历史背景简明介绍(真是太没有爱的题目了)

  没办法,考据癖又发了,其实我还一集都没撸,看剧之前,可以先大致上撸一下The Hollow Crown的时代背景。

  就从亨利四世登基的1399年说起。

  单就这个孤零零的年份来看,也许天朝人没有什么感受,但就在这一年的前一个年份,也就是1398年,明朝的开国皇帝朱元璋病逝在都城南京应天府,而随即即位的是皇太孙朱允炆,年号建文。

  同样是跳过儿子,由孙子即位的理查二世,其人生历程同建文帝颇为相似,都是在拥有强大权力的叔叔们的阴影下,成为了君主;都死于非命;帝位/王位都被叔叔或叔叔的后代篡夺了。

  此时,英格兰、法兰西以及后来加入的勃艮第,正处在著名的“百年战争”之中(1337年爱德华三世在位-1453年亨利六世在位)。

  爱德华三世是英格兰国王,爱尔兰领主,1327年-1377年在位。由于他的母亲法兰西的伊莎贝拉是法王查理四世的妹妹,爱德华三世以及其后的多代国王都宣称对法兰西王位有继承权;

  理查二世的父亲是爱德华三世的长子,黑太子爱德华,如果黑太子没有早亡的话,将是他继承王位成为爱德华四世;

  理查二世是黑太子的次子,也是最小的儿子;

  爱德华三世有七个儿子(又似乎是八个?数不清,总之好多个),次子是克拉伦斯公爵,安特卫普的莱昂内尔,

  第三个儿子,兰开斯特公爵,刚特的约翰,他是亨利四世的父亲,所以理查二世跟亨利四世是正经堂兄弟,是Hal小王子的堂叔父,他在亨利四世当时还是德比伯爵被放逐的时候,收养了Hal;他是都铎王朝的亨利七世的母亲玛格丽特郡主的祖父;

  第四个儿子,约克公爵,兰利的埃德蒙,他是阿金库尔战役(1415年)中死掉的约克公爵爱德华的父亲;在爱德华死后,约克公爵的封号被授予了埃德蒙另一个儿子的儿子,也是埃德蒙唯一的孙子理查金雀花;理查金雀花是约克王朝的第一位国王爱德华四世、第三位国王理查三世的父亲;约克王朝的第二位国王爱德华五世是爱德华四世的儿子,是著名的“伦敦塔王子”的其中之一;爱德华四世的长女伊丽莎白公主是都铎王朝的亨利七世的妻子;

  第七个儿子,格洛斯特公爵,伍德斯托克的托马斯,在理查二世在位期间,这位叔父一直跟理查二世作对,死后格洛斯特公爵爵位被夺,其子汉弗莱只继承了白金汉伯爵;

  亨利四世是兰开斯特王朝的第一位国王,1399年他继承了兰开斯特公爵的爵位,同年登基成为英格兰国王,兰开斯特公爵的爵位被授予亨利四世的长子威尔士亲王、蒙茅斯的亨利(也就是Hal),Hal有个哥哥爱德华,早夭,所以Hal是实际上的长子;

  1399年,理查二世被关在伦敦塔,时年32岁;他的堂弟亨利四世与他同岁,时年亦是32岁;Hal小王子12岁;日后打败了阿金库尔战役的法国国王查理六世31岁;

  1415年,阿金库尔战役,亨利五世此时刚登基2年,正值28岁大好年华;法王查理六世时年47岁,法国公主图卢瓦的凯瑟琳不知几岁,但鉴于当时欧洲女子婚龄大多较早,公主这时候大概10-15岁;其后的1420年,英法签订《特鲁瓦条约》,法王查理六世放弃其子王太子查理(日后的查理七世)的继承权,以换取英王亨利五世对其王位的承认;王太子查理时年12岁;

  根据《特鲁瓦条约》,亨利五世在1420-1422年间,自称“法兰西太子兼摄政王”;

  1422-1429年,亨利六世是实际上的法兰西国王;

  1429年,夏尔七世(也就是查理六世的王太子查理)在圣女贞德的支持下,在亚眠登基,时年26岁;贞德时年17岁,1431年,19岁的贞德被勃艮第人烧死;

  法王查理六世有精神病,这也许是日后英格兰国王亨利六世精神病的由来(可见选老婆定要查清家族病史的重要性);

  法国公主图卢瓦的凯瑟琳在1421年生下了亨利五世唯一的儿子,日后的亨利六世;之后与欧文都铎生了亨利七世的父亲埃德蒙都铎;亨利七世曾说过:我家的先祖通过一系列联姻获得了王位继承权(大意,忘了哪里看到,当时我就斯巴达了),大概指的就是这个;

  亨利六世在位期间,爆发了著名的“红白玫瑰战争”,主要就是兰开斯特家族与约克家族之间的争斗(是不是有宫廷大戏的赶脚啊XDDDD),亨利都铎一脚踩着约克家族的船(妻子家族),一脚踩着兰开斯特家族的船(母亲家族),最后夺得了王位;

  亨利七世的母亲是兰开斯特公爵、刚特的约翰的孙女,她的父亲是兰开斯特公爵与第三位妻子凯瑟琳·斯温福德所生的儿子索默塞特公爵约翰·博福特,是爱德华三世的曾孙女;

  亨利七世的妻子是约克王朝的伊丽莎白公主,爱德华三世的五代孙女;

  亨利七世在登基后,用各种理由和手段,逐步除去了其他对王位有威胁的人,致使后来他的孙子爱德华六世因为没有子女又宣布他两个姐姐是私生子后,议会找不到其他继承人,因此最后爱德华六世在临死前还是恢复了玛丽公主和伊丽莎白公主的合法身份;

  亨利八世活到成年的三个子女全都登上了英格兰王位;

  自爱德华三世去世(1377年),直到伊丽莎白一世去世(1603年),226年间所有英格兰国王/女王都是爱德华三世的血亲后代;

  伊丽莎白一世没有子女,她死后英格兰的王位由苏格兰国王詹姆士六世继承,称英格兰和爱尔兰国王詹姆士一世;斯图亚特王朝开始;

  王太子的封号虽然有“威尔士亲王”的爵位,但一直到1536年,亨利八世在位期间的《威尔士法案》,才将威尔士并入英格兰;

  自1413年亨利五世登基后,兰开斯特公爵的爵位就被并入王室头衔,再也没有单独授予某位王子;

  战争场面像俩村打架其实是因为英格兰本身没有多大啊,加上当时英格兰在法兰西的几块飞地(所以亨利五世才能渡海去法兰西的地盘跟人打架),也就一米米的领土;法兰西当时也还没统一,勃艮第什么的都还不是法兰西的;所以我天朝人习惯了两个部落打架都几万十多万的场景,总觉得英格兰法兰西这小猫三两只(英军万余法军两、三万)就号称“有划时代意义的战役”的档次的国战实在不够看啊不够看;

  我皇明都有火器营了,英格兰国王还带着农民在泥巴地里打滚,太落后了!

  ————————

  金雀花王朝

  ——爱德华三世

  ——(黑太子爱德华,爱德华三世长子)

  ——理查二世

  兰开斯特王朝

  ——亨利四世

  ——亨利五世

  ——亨利六世

  约克王朝

  ——爱德华四世

  ——爱德华五世(伦敦塔中的王子之一,另一位王子是他的弟弟约克公爵理查)

  ——理查三世

  都铎王朝

  ——亨利七世

  ——亨利八世

  ——爱德华六世

  ——玛丽一世

  ——伊莉莎白一世

  ——————————

  延伸阅读

  莎士比亚:

  四部曲——理查二世,亨利四世上下,亨利五世;

  四部曲——亨利六世上中下,理查三世;

  亨利八世(合写)

  约瑟芬·铁伊:时间的女儿——关于“塔中的王子”非常独特的一篇小说;

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