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American Gods读后感精选10篇

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American Gods读后感精选10篇

  《American Gods》是一本由Neil Gaiman著作,William Morrow出版的精装图书,本书定价:26.99美元,页数:480,文章吧小编精心整理的一些读者的读后感,希望对大家能有帮助

  《American Gods》读后感(一):众神相

  It goes without saying that all of the people, living, dead, and otherwise in this story are fictional or used in a fictional context. Only the gods are real.

  --From the Caveat, and Warning for Travelers from American Gods by Neil Gaiman

  You probably should not read this until you have done reading the book, because there are some plot spoilers involved here.

  The list of Gods who appeared in the book:

  Aido-Hwedo:

  Also called Ayida-Weddo, she is the voodoo rainbow serpent goddess. She is the wife of Damballa-Wedo (or Hwedo) and is considered equivalent to the African Mawu.

  Allvis:

  In Norse mythology, the son of Vindalf and king of the dwarfs. He was known for his wisdom-- "Allvis" means "all wise"-- but was turned into stone when, having been promised the hand of Thor's daughter Thrud, Thor questioned him until sunrise.

  (From Johan: "["Alviss"] is grossly misspelled. It should be Allvis. A double consonant means that the preceding vowel should be short, single consonant means a long vowel. In the case of "a", "attar" vs. "are". If you wan't to get even close to the original sound, use English pronounciation (even that isn't very close).

  quot;Allvis" is a compound word, like windsurfer or bodybuilder. Decomposed it is "all vis", meaning "all-wise" or more nearly "all-knowing". Seeing as how Allvis is a mere dwarf, the epiteth "all-knowing" is a major affront to the gods.") (110)

  Anansi:

  Appears as Mr. Nancy. West African trickster. Not a god, but he is the intermediary for Nyame, the sky god. He is a spider, and although he is sly and crafty, he can be helpful: he taught humans how to plant grain. Sometimes he is considered to be the creator of the sun and moon, and even of the first human beings, who Nyame then breathed life into. (97)

  Antinous:

  Lover of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. When Antinous was found drowned in 130 AD, Hadrian deified him. Antinous is often considered an aspect of Osiris, the Egyptian protector of the dead, who also drowned in the Nile. (404)

  Anubis: Anubis (Mr. Jacquel) was the ancient Egyptian lord of the dead. He was eventually replaced by Osiris. He is usually represented as a jackal or wild dog. He weighed the hearts of the dead, and lead the worthy to Osiris. Anubis was also the god of embalming. (73)

  Ashtaroth:

  Ashtaroth is the plural name for Ashtoreth, the Phoenician moon/fertility goddess, called Ishtar by the Accadians and Astarte by the Greeks. More obscurely, Ashtaroth, or Astaroth, was a demon and the Treasurer of Hell. He encouraged sloth and idleness. Wednesday only mentioned the name in passing, but I would assume he was referring to the goddess, not the demon. (107)

  anshee:

  Also known as the Bean Sidhe. In Irish legend, the Banshees wail before someone's death. If caught, they are obligated to reveal the name of the person destined to die. (176)

  alder: Evidence suggests that Shadow is actually the Norse god Balder. Balder is the Norse god of light, joy, purity, beauty, innocence, and reconciliation. He is the son of Odin and Frigg. According to legend, Balder was concerned with his own death, so his mother extracted an oath from every creature, object, and force in nature, to never harm Balder. However, she forgot about the mistletoe, and Loki, who was jealous of Balder, tricked Balder's blind brother Hod into stabbing Balder with mistletoe. When Mr. World (Loki) is talking to Laura about Shadow, he says, "When this is all down with, I guess I'll sharpen a stick of mistletoe and go down to the ash tree, and ram it through his eye." (410) Additionally, Balder is traditionally very concerned with justice and fairness, which could certainly also be applied to Shadow. (His deal with Czernobog, his returning money to the waitress in San Francisco, etc.) And Shadow is, of course, Odin's son. (Thanks to Tim and Sorn for additional information!) (3)

  araka:

  quot;Blessing" or "God's favor" in the religion of Islam, as well as Swahili, Sufi and other languages.

  aron Samedi:

  Related to Legba, Baron Samedi is a voodoo Ghede, or god of the dead. He is also a guardian of the crossroads, and can be prayed to for intercession to the loa (deities concerned with the lives of humans.) [In a bit of an in-joke for Sandman fans, his avatar is Didi from Death: The High Cost of Living.] (Thanks, Jose!) (382)

  ast:

  Also known as Bastet, Bast is the Egyptian goddess of the sun (and later, the moon.) She is represented as either a lioness or a cat, or a woman with the head of a cat. Bast is one of the "Eyes of Ra", who seeks revenge on the enemies of Egypt.

  ielebog: Also known as Bylebog, the Slavic god of happiness, order, and luck. He is the opposite of Czernobog. "Bielebog" translates literally from Russian as "white god". (Thank you, John!) (63)

  ilquis:

  ilquis, also called Bilqis or Balkis, was the legendary Queen of Sheba. In the Bible and the Koran, she met with King Solomon of Israel. Tradition also says that she bore his son, Menelik I. She was also believed to be half-jinn, and was reknowned for her beauty and for her wise leadership. She was called Makeda by her own people. (Thank you, Christina!) Legend also says that she had very hairy legs, which the Bilquis of American Gods notices. (22)

  rahma:

  In the Hindu Trinity consisting of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, Brahma is the eldest god, and he is the Creator. (342)

  ran:

  When Mad Sweeney meets Shadow in Cairo, he says "I sweartofuckenBran." According to this website, ""Bran was the name of a legendary king of Britain, is the original Fisher King of the Grail Legend, and appears in both Welsh and Irish literature, each time connected to Mannanan MacLir/Manawyddan MabLlyr." (Thanks, Andy!) (169) Buffalo:

  In certain regions of Native American life in North America, notably the Great Plains and the Southwest, the buffalo has been and continues to be a highly revered a force of key importance in traditional spiritual, ceremonial, and physical life. (Thank you, Jacquelyn! Jacquelyn recommends the Native American Studies program at the University of California, Davis, for serious scholars of American tribal peoples.)

  Coatlicue:

  In Shadow's dream, she is described as a "...womanlike thing: her naked breasts hung flat and pendulous on her chest, around her waist was a chain of severed hands, both of her own hands held sharp knives, and, instead of a head, rising from her neck there were twin serpents, their bodies arched, facing each other, ready to attack." She is the Aztec earth mother. Additional information from Pearla: "After the conquistadores hit Mexico & destroyed many Aztec temples, Coatlicue became the Virgen of Guadalupe, a manifestation of the Virgin Mary (by way indigenous pagan beliefs). So, even more mythological complexity there: a combination of Christian and Aztec-pagan..."

  (Thanks, Josh and Pearla!) (46)

  Czernobog:

  Also known as Crnobog or Chernobog, he is the Slavic god of the dead, the night, and chaos. He is the opposite of Bielebog. "Chernobog" translates literally from Russian as "black god". (Thank you, John!) (58)

  Damballa-Wedo:

  Also spelled Damballah-Wedo, he is the central god of voodoo. Damballa is a snake-god, and the god of fertility. He holds the earth in his coils, and his movements cause earthquakes. (258)

  Delirium:

  Fans of Neil's Sandman might recognize the confused girl with the dog in San Francisco as Delirium, the youngest of the Endless. (240)

  Easter:

  ee: Eostre.

  Eagle stones:

  From Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable: "Yellow clay ironstones supposed to have sanative and magical virtues. They are so called because they are found in eagles鈥� nests. Epiphanius says, 鈥淚n the interior of Scythia there is a valley inaccessible to man, down which slaughtered lambs are thrown. The small stones at the bottom of the valley adhere to these pieces of flesh, and eagles, when they carry away the flesh to their nests, carry the stones with it.鈥� The story of Sindbad in the Valley of Diamonds will occur to the readers of this article (Epiphanius: De duodecim gemmis, etc., p. 30; 1743).

  It is said that without these stones eagles cannot hatch their eggs."

  Readers of other Gaiman works might remember that in Sandman #17, "Calliope," one of Richard Madoc's books is called Eagle Stones. (227)

  Elegba:

  Also called Esu or Eshu, Elegba is the West African god of all roads and opportunity. He is a trickster god. Elegba lives at crossroads, and encourages people to achieve their best. In voodoo mythology, he is called Papa Legba, but this version of Elegba is an elderly man. (256)

  Eostre:

  Also known as Ostara, she is the Anglo-Saxon personification of the dawn. She is a fertility goddess and a friend to children, and she changed her pet bird into a rabbit to amuse them. Eostre is equivalent to the Greek Eos and the Roman Aurora. (240)

  Frau Holle:

  In Northern Europe, Holle is the Queen of Winter, and makes it snow. She is related to the Russian Baba Yaga. (107)

  Ganesha:

  Hindu god of wisdom, prudence, and learning. He is most often pictured with an elephant's head, and is the remover of obstacles. He also leads the troops of inferior deities. (Thanks, Jose!) (359)

  Golem:

  Described as being "the blank gray color of good Polish clay: the word inscribed on his forehead meant life," Michaela noted that, "During the 16th century persecution of the Jewish people in Europe, 'The Great Rabbi of Prague' created a man from clay, using a mystic Kabbalistic formula. The purpose of the "golem" was to protect the Jewish people. Some stories hold that this was done effectively saving many Jews in Prague, while other accounts claim the golem rebelled and become a danger itself so that the Rabbi聽was forced聽to return it to a state of inanimate clay." Thanks, Michaela! (381)

  Gorgon:

  In Rhode Island, Shadow and Wednesday visit a woman in a "darkened bedroom" who will not let them see her face. This suggests that she is a gorgon, of Greek mythology, who were monstrous creatures, who would turn anyone who looked at them to stone. (Thanks, Ben! [Several people also emailed me about this, so thanks to everyone! It's just that Ben was first])

  Joe emailed to add: "If I remember correctly, Shadow found she had Ziplocks with mice and insects in them - food for her snake-covered head?" I'm currently in London with my copy of AG back in the states, and I will be for a few more months so I can't give a page number or 100% confirmation, but I'm pretty sure I remember that, and I love that detail. (284)

  Gwydion:

  Okay, I had a lot of confusion about Gwydion. Many thanks to everyone who emailed me with additional information!

  rief summary ganked from here : Welsh druid of the mainland gods; wizard and bard of North Wales. Prince of the Powers of Air; a shape-shifter. His symbol was a white horse. Greatest of the enchanters; warrior-magician. Illusion, changes, magick, the sky, healing. More information can be found here here, and here for starters.

  However, people have also mentioned a possible connection between Gwydion and Arthurian legend, I did some looking around at websites like this one and this one and apparently there's some speculation that either Mordred and Gwydion are the same, or that Arthur or Merlin are based on the Gwydion, or that Gwydion is another name for Arthur, or for Mordred.

  o, I don't really know. I'm not terribly familiar with Arthurian legend. Life's so hard. (But it's slightly easier thanks to Jose, Wynne, Gail, Megan, and Susan!)

  Here's some information from TJ that makes sense: "If my research is correct, in ancient druidic/celtic britian it was customary for a child when he was born to be giving a childhood name by his mother which was then changed when he came of age. and according to some of my research Gwydion was the name used for both Arthur and his son, Mordred before they came of age. Sort of like how the romans had certin names they would use for their sons, like Guias Julius Ceaser is what the famous Emperor from the house of Julie was called in his youth. and each of the first born sons in his family from far before him and prolly for a long time after where named Guias.

  Also Merlin (as historical and not mythological evidence have shown) was actually a politcal position held by many men over thousands of years. It was a druidic office, the messanger of the gods, who would travel unceasingly around the country, carrying news and wisdom between the tribes, temples, and rulers. "

  Thanks, TJ! (334)

  Hadrian:

  Roman emperor from 117-138 AD. When his young lover, Antinous, died, Hadrian had him deified. (404)

  Hershef:

  Also called Arsaphes or Herishef, he is an Egyptian god of water and fertility, depicted as a ram. (Thanks, Ste!) (46)

  Hinzelmann:

  Hinzelmann is the name of the most famous German Kobolds. He allegedly haunted the castle of Hudem眉hlen from the years 1584-1588. Hinzelmann especially loved children, and would frequently take the form of a child to play with other children. He was very mischevious, but he was kind to those who respected him, and often gave them gifts. (Thank you, ArielLeFay, for all the information!)

  Also: "Hinzelmann" is a german folktale written down by the brothers Grimm. It says (as you mention on your page) that he haunted the castle Hudem眉hlen in Northern Germany (quite funny, because I actually know that castle...) and did a lot of work in the household. He mentioned that he originally came from the Black Wood. He was very friendly and helpful, as long as he was respected and as long as he got warm milk and food every morning. Nobody ever saw him, they only heard his voice, a child's voice, and one occasion, some people saw a little hand. At that time he was in the castle, people sometimes saw a strangely-clad child, dressed in old-fashioned red velvet, playing with the other children, but it would disappear as soon as they talked to him. The master of that castle persuaded Hinzelmann to let him touch his face, and he felt only bone. Hinzelmann would become very angry, when somebody accused him of being a demon or some devilish creature, he pointed out that he was a Christian boy. One day, the cook persuaded Hinzelmann to show himself to her, and he told her, she would have to take two buckets of water and come to the cellar at night. She did, and when she entered the cellar, she saw a hole in the ground, and in it lay the body of a four-year-old child, stabbed by two swords and all bloody. She fainted, so Hinzelmann then poured the water over her to wake her up again. Hinzelmann left Hudemuehlen after four years had passed and left three things there: a straw hat, a small, hollow cross and a leather glova embroidered with pearls. He told the Lord that as long as these three things be kept together, the family would prosper. If the were separated, the family line would die. Eventually the lord gave the tokens away, I don't know what has become of the family.

  (Thanks, Britt!) (197)

  Additionally, the tales that Hinzelmann tells, i.e., the buck jumping out of his skin, Hinzelmann's grandfather freezing his family during the winter, the music from a trumpet freezing then thawing, etc., are generally drawn from the Adventures of Baron Munchausen, a popular book series first printed in 1785. More information can be found here. (Thanks, Kris!)

  Horus:

  An Egyptian god; there are many different Horuses. However, they were all leaders and associated with the sky, and are usually depicted as hawks or men with the heads of hawks. Horus the Elder is most similar to the Horus described in American Gods, he was the ancient creator god as a falcon, and was also a warrior god. His eyes are the sun and the moon, and when neither of these are visible in the sky, he is blind. (157)

  Hubur:

  Also known as Tiamat, she is a Babylonian Primordial goddess. Her title "Mummu Hubur" means "Mother of Monsters," because she gave birth to the creatures of the zodiac. She is also depicted as a dragon, and is a goddess of chaos apart from her role as a mother goddess. When her son Marduk killed her, he split her body to Heaven and Earth, which created the Universe. The "Enuma Elish," which tells this story, is the oldest written creation story. (Thanks, Ste!) (46)

  Ifrit:

  (Salim, taxi driver) The Ifrits are the second most powerful class of Jinn, who are Arabic half-human, half-demons. There are five classes of Jinn: Marid, the Ifrit (or Afrit), the Shaitan, the Jinn, and the Jann.They were created from fire. They are mortal, although they have a long life span. They often inhabit lamps, like in 1001 Nights. Jinni can be both good and evil, but enjoy punishing humans for wrongs done to them. In Islamic tradition, they tempt humans away from Allah's path. (141)

  Isten:

  quot;Isten of the Hungarians" was the supreme Hungarian god, the creator of all things and the personification of all that is light in the world. (Thanks, Iwona!) (398)

  Jesus:

  In Christian tradition, the son of God. (Thanks, Jeremy!) (161)

  Johnny Appleseed:

  American folk hero. Originally named John Chapman, he crossed the plains planting apple trees in the early 1800's after his fiancee died. Some of the orchards he planted still thrive today. (273)

  John Chapman:

  ee: Johnny Appleseed.

  Ka:

  In Egyptian mythology, the ka was the most important part of the spirit. It took the place of the physical body in the world of the dead. It could not survive without the body, however, which was why mummification was so important to the Egyptians.

  Kali:

  (Mama-Ji) The Hindu mother goddess. She is a destroyer of ignorance, and she keeps the world in order. (What a good mother!) She also blesses those who seek God's wisdom. She is most often pictured dripping with blood. She is a triple goddess: creation, preservation, and destruction. (46)

  Kitsunes:

  The "five young Japanese women" Wednesday and Shadow have a "meal of pleasantries and politeness" with in Colorado are most likely kitsunes, Japanese fox spirits.

  Andrea adds: They are legendary tricksters, and often disguise themselves as young women, but the observant often notice their fox tails and catch them. In Gaiman's "The Dream Hunters", one of the main characters is a kitsune. (285)

  Kobold:

  In German folklore, the kobolds are mischievous spirits. They are ugly (small, hairy, and vaguely demonic in appearance), and often harmful to humans. They dwell in mines, and may be helpful if the whim strikes them-- but it usually doesn't :) (107)

  Kubera:

  Also called Dhanapati, he is the Hindu god of wealth. (Note: Kubera's presence on this page is not meant to imply that Kubera is the forgettable god. Kubera is mentioned in passing when Wednesday is talking at the House on the Rock, which is why he's listed here.) (107)

  Leprechauns:

  Mad Sweeney is a leprechaun, an Irish sprite. I've found conflicting information regarding the size of leprechauns-- I've gotten a few emails saying that they were actually quite tall, like Mad Sweeney, and that referring to them as the "little people" is irony, which is also confirmed by Mr. Ibis at Sweeney's wake ["... even of the leprechauns, the little people (and was that not the biggest joke of the Irish, for the leprechauns in their day were the tallest of the mound folk)...]. However, the Encylopedia Mythica, which I usually have found to be pretty reliable, and the Encylopedia Britannica, among others, have referred to them as quite small. (In many legends, the leprechauns make shoes for elves, but never a pair, only one shoe. According to Encyclopedia Mythica, the word is derived from the Gaelic luacharma'n, "pygmy"; or leith brogan "maker of one shoe".)

  And here's some information from Laura: Just as a background thing, the Irish "little people" are descended from the Tuatha de Danann. When the Milesians came to Eire (this is according to the Book of Invasions) they conquered the T. de D. and forced them to live under ground--thus they became the sidhe.

  When the Christians came along, they convinced folks that the sidhe were unimportant--little. Therefore, these godlike beings who were quite frightening to the earlier Celts were divided into two separate classes: some of the good ones were incorporated into Christianity, becoming saints (you know, like Brigid and so forth), and the minor ones were downgraded to "little people."

  Leprechauns, therefore, are decended from that second group. The word "luchorpain" means "little stooping Lugh" (Lugh being the Celtic god of light--similar to Apollo). There are lots of possible etymologies of the word, but if you go by that one, you figure that the REAL leprechauns musta been more like the T. de D. than the Catholic church would have you believe. Sooo...when I read the book it didn't even occur to me to see Mad Sweeney as anything but one of the oppressed and misunderstood T. de D., badmouthed and minimized to the point that their best gig is on boxes of Lucky Charms. (Thanks, Laura!)

  lake adds to the leprechaun debate: The thing about the daoine sidhe is this: according to the post-Christianisation version of the story, the daoine sidhe are the Tuatha de Danaan, diminished in size as they diminished in importance. The conversion of Ireland meant there were very few to no followers (which isn't to say people didn't believe in them--faery belief was fairly common in Ireland up until the twentieth century, in rural areas--there's even recorded executions of people due to faery possession as late as the 1900s). But the point is, as the Tuatha de Danaan decreased in importance, they decreased in size. This isn't the original version of the story about the origins of the sidhe, but it's the existing version--Irish mythology often has the gods and sidhe existing side by side, often at odds with one another. The sidhe were a realm until themselves that even the gods were wary of consorting with." (Thanks, Blake!)

  Leucotios:

  Celtic god of lightning. He is described in the museum of forgotten gods as carrying a drum, fitting for a lightning god (since thunder accompanies lightning). (Thanks, Sarah!!) (46)

  Loki:

  The Norse Trickster figure, and is associated with fire. He is also considered quite wise, and is both a friend and foe of the gods, depending on circumstances. Some consider him one of the Aesir, and some consider him a giant but NOT a god.

  (This entry used to refer to him as a "god", which resulted in a storm of email informing me that he wasn't a god but a giant, so I changed the entry to reflect that, and promptly got a handful of emails stating that Loki IS a god. On this, Sorn wrote to add: "The two main tribes of the gods are the 脝sir and the Vanir, but there are also the Jotun (giants). Loki is of the Jotun, as are Skadi (goddess of winter, hunting, and, according to some, vengeance), Jarnsaxa (consort of Thor and mother of Modi and Magni), 脝gir (god of the ocean), and Hel (ruler of the underworld), just to name a few. So, even though Loki was not born an 脝s, one doesn't necessarily have to be of the 脝sir to be counted one of the gods; as far as as tru folk are concerned, Loki is very definitely a god." Rick pointed out that "While not a god in the sense that he isn't AEsir nor Vanir, he IS a god in the sense that he is a divine being who has worshippers.") Anyway, whether you consider him a giant or a god, you probably don't want to be on his bad side.

  Toria noted that he has a "scarred smile," (AG 3) because "Loki once made a bet with the dwarves, wagering his head, and he lost. He tried to trick the dwarves by saying that there was no mention of his neck in the bet, and they couldn't take his head without harming his neck. In revenge the dwarves sewed his mouth shut and left him tied to a tree."

  Loki was responsible for the death of Balder, the god of light. As punishment for this, he is confined to a cave below the earth. A poisonous snake constantly drips its venom above him, and his wife Sigyn catches it in a bowl. When the bowl fills, she must empty it away from him, and in these moments the venom splashes his face.

  (Thanks, Toria, Sorn, Rick, and others!) (3)

  Low-Key Lyesmith: See: Loki.

  Maahes:

  Egyptian lion god, the protector of the innocent. Wednesday mentions him in passing, referring to him as the "Lion-God." (107)

  Mad Sweeney:

  Mad Sweeney is a leprechaun, an Irish sprite. Maire adds: "Mad Sweeney appears to have been more than just a leprechaun. He was a 12th century poet named after a 7th century Irish king," and Blake says, "The name Mad Sweeney is very likely take from the Irish mythological story, Buile Suibhne, or the Frenzy of Suibhne/Sweeney. In it, Suibhne, son of the king of Dal Riada (a kingdom in northern Ireland) is driven mad by a curse, and only regains his sanity after running the entire length of Ireland from north to south."

  Wikipedia has a very thorough entry on him. (28)

  Mama-Ji:

  ee: Kali.

  Mawu:

  Mawu is the supreme goddess in the mythology of Benin (Africa). She is the moon goddess, and the goddess of night, joy, and motherhood. She created the world with her husband, Lisa. (256)

  Mead:

  The drink of the gods. In Norse mythology, it was made from the blood of the wise Kvasir and honey, and made anyone who drank it wise and a poet. Most pantheons have a similar drink, such as the Greek/Roman nectar, Hindu amrita, and the Mayan miel. (Thank you, Rebecca, for the correction on nectar!)

  Mike Ainsel:

  ee: My Ainsel.

  Mithras:

  Also known as Mithra, he is the Persian god of light, contracts, and friendships, and he maintains the cosmic order. The cult of Mithraism was highly popular among Roman soldiers around 100 AD. He is also the Vedic god Mitra, but Mitra was never as revered as the Persian Mithras. (161)

  Mr. Ibis:

  ee: Thoth.

  Mr. Jacquel:

  ee: Anubis.

  Mr. Nancy:

  ee: Anansi.

  Morrigan:

  Irish war goddess (or goddesses, sometimes a triple goddess). (Thanks, Paul!) (398)

  My Ainsel:

  (This one is really interesting, I think...) Not a god, but from a fairytale, "my ainsel" means "my ownself", which is obviously significant to Shadow's psuedonym "Mike Ainsel". "My Ainsel" is also the title of Part 2 of the book. You can read the tale here. (Thanks Jose for the link, and Audrey for pointing out that I had neglected to mention the obvious title of Part 2.)

  Also, Justin adds, "The name reads as M.Ainsel, literally the "main sail" of a boat, without which all the bluster in the world won't do a lick of good. Doubtless, I thought, a nod to Odin's role as a weather god, and his relationship with Shadow. Likewise, a suitable title for a novel's primary character, only slightly less gauche than Neil Stephenson's Hiro Protagonist of the oft regrettable Snowcrash.

  Or perhaps I misread."

  Which I thought was interesting, although perhaps merely a coincidence. Make of it what you will. (190)

  orns:

  In Norse mythology, these three sisters are the demi-goddesses of destiny. They are Urd ("fate"), Verdandi ("necessity") and Skuld ("being"). They live at the base of Yggdrasil, the World Tree. They pour water from the Well of Fate over Yggdrasil to try to prevent it from decaying. They also had another task: Urd made the thread of everyone's life, Verdandi measured it up, and Skuld cut it. (Thank you Maria!) (94)

  Odin:

  In Norse mythology, king of the gods. He is also the god of war, wisdom, poetry, and magic. He gave an eye in exchange for a drink from the Well of Wisdom. The day Wednesday, or Wodensday is named for Odin (also known as Woden.) His two ravens are Huginn and Muninn, Thought and Memory, and his two wolves are Geri and Freki. Geri and Freki always follow him, and Huginn and Muninn constantly scout for him. He is often called "Allfather", because he is father to the gods.

  Troels wrote to add more of Odin's nicknames: "Svipall (Changing), B枚lverkr (Ill-doer) and Glapsvi冒r (Swift in deceit). For more bicks see http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odin.

  The point is, that while Odin was a god of war, and could grant an army victory in battle (which they tried to ensure by sacrifices), he was all of the above things as well. During a battle he might turn against the side he supported and suddenly help the enemy instead. As said, I find it relevant, since his deceitfulness is a major part of > A.G. "

  Thanks, Troels! (17)

  Ogu:

  Also Ogun, Ogum, Ogoum, or similar, he is the West African and voodoo god of iron and creator of tools. He is also a warrior god, and the patron of blacksmiths. (258)

  an:

  From Michaela: "Pan, a satyr and the Greco-Roman god of fertility, forests, and livestock, arrives at he base of Lookout Mountain with the other old gods. Don't ask me what comedian he was. I have tried and failed (so far) to find out." (I poked around a bit and couldn't find anything either, so if anyone has any ideas please feel free to let me know!) (381)

  Two suggestions on which comedian Pan might have been:

  From Rick: First, Pan's comedian persona. I believe he may have been Larry Semon, a silent film comedian whom died in 1928 from pneumonia. Looking at his pic, I'd say he has a definite "fae" look to him. You can read more on him at http://www.goldensilents.com/comedy/larrysemon.html.

  From Robert: My two cents is that Pan is Fatty Arbuckle. He was a silent comedian who in the 20s was embroiled in a big sex scandal (Sept 5, 1921 Virginia Rappe ran screaming and crying from his bungalow. Four days later she died). The third trial ended with him acquitted, but his career in ruins. See http://www.ralphmag.org/fatty.html

  Ratatosk:

  In Norse mythology, he is the squirrel who climbs up and down the World Tree. His name means "swift teeth" and he loves to talk and gossip. (359)

  Rusalka:

  Michaela says: "The Rusalka are Slavic water spirits, similar to mermaids. They are believed to be the vengeful, angry spirits of drowned women, or the ghosts of unbaptized infant girls. They are聽believed to appear as beautiful woman who lure travelers to watery deaths. Along the Danube river they are referred to as *vila*." Thanks, Michaela! (381)

  alim:

  ee: Ifrit.

  am Fetisher:

  Thanks to Pat for pointing this out! "When Shadow is eating in the prison food hall, he speaks with Sam Fetisher, an inmate of indeterminate age who warns him about the storm. A fetisher is another word for a Bokono, or vodun priest." (8)

  et:

  Egyptian god of chaos and destruction. Ibis mentions that he left two hundred years ago, and hasn't been heard from since he and Jacquel received a postcard from San Francisco in 1905 or 1906, around the time of the great San Francisco earthqake and fire. (Thanks Ilsabet, and Kirsten for the earthquake suggestion!) (157)

  ha Wujing:

  From OS Yim:

  quot;'The first head is mine,' said a very tall Chinese man, with a rope of tiny skulls around his neck. He began to walk, slowly and intently, up the mountain, shouldering a staff with a curved blade at the end of it, like a silver moon."

  quot;This is, of course, Sha Wujing from The Journey to the West (Sagojo to the Japanese). Westerners are probably more familiar with his name of 'Sandy'. Originally a heavenly general, he was condemned to become a sand demon for the sin of wrath. He wields a spear with a spade on one end and a crescent blade on the other (or, in some accounts, only the crescent blade). His defining feature is perhaps the necklace of skulls he wears, purportedly the leftovers of various monks who attempted to cross the River of Sand on the way to India. After his defeat at the hands of 'Monkey' and 'Pigsy', Xuanzang recruited and ordained Sha Wujing as his 3rd disciple. At the end of the journey, Sha achieved Buddhahood." (Thanks, OS Yim!) (Page 545 of the HEADLINE paperback-- I'd add the hardback page # to be consistent with the rest of the site, but I don't have the book with me at the moment.)

  hadow:

  ee: Balder.

  hango:

  West African god of thunder, and the ancestor of the Yoruba people. He was once Yoruba's 4th king, and was immortalized after death. He has the power to grant wealth. (258)

  hiva:

  In the Hindu Trinity consisting of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, Shiva is the Destroyer. (342)

  kanderbeg: The Albanian in Texas is probably Skanderbeg, the Albanian national hero. He helped his country fight off Turkish oppression in the mid 15-th century, and, although he wasn't actually worshipped as a god, he has been immortalized in poetry and song, and there are records of the Turks using his bones for good-luck talismans. (Thanks Jeff!)

  Alternately, Sarah suggests: One thing I noticed in reading the book is that although the Greek pantheon is probably one of the most familiar to modern readers - THE most familiar if one considers that most of the gods in the Roman pantheon are renamed Greek gods, so it's pretty much really all one pantheon - there are no obvious members of this pantheon in the book. (I did notice that some of the suggestions for the forgotten god come from the Greek and/or Roman pantheon.)

  I think that Gaiman is having a bit of fun by suggesting that the Greek gods are refusing to go along with Wednesday's scheme. Note that Wednesday refers to Albanians, plural - "Fucking Albanians. Like anybody cares." Wednesday's ticked off, so he's implying that the Greek gods aren't even really Greek, they're Albanian. This might be a reference either to the fact that Mt. Olympus is in northern Greece - albiet not all that near the Albanian border - or to the fact that what we call the Greek pantheon didn't actually arrive in what's now modern Greece until 2200-1900 BC - see http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Greekhistory&gods.htm>.

  oma:

  In Indian mythology, Soma is the moon god. However, he is also amrita, the nectar that keeps the gods immortal. As the gods drink Soma, it exhausts him and causes the moon to wax and wane. However, in American Gods the term seems to be used a little differently-- Wednesday describes it to Shadow as "concentrated prayer and belief, distilled into a potent liqueur." (224)

  Eleanor also pointed out that soma is the drug used in Brave New World to control the masses.

  Joe added, "In the post-Joycean world, everyone can pretty much feel entitled to drag in any kind of meaning they can construct.聽 With that as my excuse, I would point out that "soma" besides being the Vedic elixir is also the Greek-based root that we find in words like 'psychosomatic,' and it means, roughly, 'body.'聽 While the Vedic reference is adequate and ample, the added sense of a god being nourished by the bodies of his underlings does not feel out of place.聽 That kind of cannibalistic/eucharistic confusion seems one of the more common features of religion as we know it."

  Thoth:

  Thoth (Mr. Ibis), also called Djeheuty, was the Egyptian god of wisdom, the inventor of writing, and the patron of scribes. He is most often shown as a man with the head of an ibis. Thoth was the messenger and mediator of the gods, and supported Horus's claim to the throne. He was present with Anubis at the judgment of the dead. (73)

  Thunderbird:

  Many Native American tribes have stories and histories concerning the sky beings known as Thunderbirds. In some cases, these powerful beings act as teachers, guardians, and law enforcers. (Thank you, Jacquelyn! Jacquelyn recommends the Native American Studies program at the University of California, Davis, for serious scholars of American tribal peoples.) (227)

  Kaitlyn also adds," In 'American Folklore and Legend' (Published by Readers Digest in 1978), it mentions that 'to dream of thunderbirds meant one must go to war.'"

  Vishnu:

  In the Hindu Trinity consisting of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, Vishnu is the Preserver. (334)

  Warrior Twins:

  From Sarah: "The 'two small boys each the size of an apple tree' are almost certainly the Warrior Twins or Hero Twins known to the Maya as Hunahpu and Xbalanque and to the Dineh (Navajo) as Toba'djictcini (Born for Water or Child of the Water) and Na'ye' ne'zyani (Monster Slayer)."

  As their name implies, the two are great warriors. However, Monster Slayer is the more aggressive and warlike, and Child of the Water is more cautious and thoughtful.

  (Thanks, Sarah!) Wednesday:

  ee: Odin.

  Whiskey Jack:

  ee: Wisakedjak.

  Widow Paris: Laveau was a "free person of color" living in Louisiana. When she was 25, she married Jacque Paris, who, shortly after the wedding, disappeared and was presumed dead. She then began calling herself the "Widow Paris." She learned voodoo, and by 1830 was one of several voodoo queens in New Orleans. Many legends about her persisted, notably one of her eternal youth (which is easily explained by her look-alike daughter Marie Laveau II, who followed in her footsteps.) (261)

  Wisakedjak:

  The Trickster is known by many names, depending on which Native tribe is telling his story. He can be hard to define: he is neither god nor man, good nor evil. As a teacher, he exposes the dangerous and the ridiculous and reminds humans of their mortality. In many areas, Trickster takes the form of an animal. (Thank you, Jacquelyn! Jacquelyn recommends the Native American Studies program at the University of California, Davis, for serious scholars of American tribal peoples.) (272)

  World Tree:

  ee: Yggdrasil.

  Yggdrasil:

  In Norse mythology, the World Tree. It is a giant ash tree that connects all the worlds. At its base are the Well of Wisdom, the Well of Fate, and the Hvergelmir, which is the source for many rivers. (355)

  Zaka:

  Zaka, or Azacca, is the voodoo god (loa) of agriculture. He is usually pictured as a simple peasant, and is a hard worker. Zaka is watchful of details. (258)

  Zorya:

  The three Slavic dawn goddesses. Utrennyaya was the morning star, Vechernyaya the evening star, and Polunochnaya the midnight star. Their duty was to guard a chained dog who continually tries to break loose and eat the constellation Ursa Minor, the bear. If this should happen, the universe would end. Nuitari also sent me this link that's chock full of detailed information about the Zorya. (Thanks, Nuitari!) (58)

  More information can be found on this website:

  http://www.frowl.org/gods/index.html

  《American Gods》读后感(二):Not so good as recommended by

  I've finished this book in 3 weeks. Generally it is ok but not awe-inspiring. Maybe I have no background of western myth rooted since very young for kids.

  I could not understand some of the issues as explained in the book.

  I will say the ideas of this book are bright.

  ot very easy to read so I did not recommend it to beginners.

  《American Gods》读后感(三):Black Humor

  I bought this book long time ago. I took me a long time too really begin to read this book because I was expecting a fantasy fiction where there are kings and dragons.

  ut it turned out to be very ridiculous, fresh eating hooker was okay but god of credit card, seriously? No too mention a those drama you can only expect in a bad soap...

  ut gradually, somehow everything came together. I got what the black humor the writer was trying to do.

  I am still reading this book and I now think this is actually a good story.

  o far those pathetic big shot gods are still struggling with their sad ego.

  ......

  《American Gods》读后感(四):神的世界里象征就是一切

  我把榭寄生插进你的胸膛,将给你致命一击。

  我向战场丢出的那根树枝,是为你掷出的献祭的长矛。

  同样一场战争,同样一次流血,我是为自己而流还是为我的神而流,可能决定神的生死补给。

  神的世界里象征就是一切。(symbol is everything)

  神本身就是一种象征,每个神的名字里都带有一种力量。

  神,是人格化后的力量。

  但对我们普通读者而言,我恐怕只能看到各式各样的旧神的出场,这些神也许是某种力量的代表,但是什么力量,怎样的力量却无从知晓。

  书中盖曼将太多的笔墨用来说明神的力量来源与人们的精神信仰随着物体距离的迁移;强调现滞留在美国所谓的众神可能和普通人无异。但对神的本身能力的着墨大多抽象,模棱两可,看的时候总有一种腾云驾雾的感觉。

  这不好。

  就好像,

  看悬疑小说时,你告诉我下一个出场的人物是一个成年人,在第三产业工作,也许他很重要,然后就没了。

  或者像

  读哈利波特时,你告诉我这个咒语叫阿瓦达咒,却不告诉我这个咒语使用来干什么的,只让我来猜他是用来索命的还是疗伤的。

  这样一个两个还可以,像小说里的人物这样密集的出现,那就有些受不了啦。

  书里我个人知识体系里比较清楚(注意是比较清楚)的也就北欧和印度神话这一块,其他旧神的信息只能依靠尼尔盖曼在书中提供的信息,而这些信息往往不够用。*于我而言,最有趣的就是那些穿插的小故事,因为小故事里面往往把与人的联系交代的更清楚,也给前半段沉闷的公路旅程吹了点新鲜空气。)

  理解成本太高了,把象征的重量都打了折扣。

  但转念一想,恐怕这就是现在的美国,是尼尔盖曼想讲的时代---一个传统象征的力量被削弱的时代。

  对诸神而言,美国无异于地狱;其实所有所谓的国际化大都市都是旧神的地狱。来自不同国家,不同地方,不同文化的人聚到一起,他们物理位移是,把所有的故事和文化一起打包上路,在新的土地安家落户。但这些象征无法与这片土地上的其他人沟通。如果这些力量无法传递给他人,这些力量自然也很难为你提供庇护。

  像许多评论说的,美国众神这本书,创意是牛逼的,写作是没能hold住的。

  一来我本人不喜欢公路小说,更不觉得一场公路旅行能将这么大的故事串起来,哪怕你有一个开外挂的老婆,一个开外挂的老爹,一个开外挂的主角光环,那也不行。

  二来盖曼老师这次真没把这种力量的削弱与无助给带出来。我看不见这些神全盛时期的光芒,自然难以体会他陨落时的痛苦;我能在书中看到现实世界的一个镜像,但所有角色都显得焦点模糊,冲突生硬,最后的骗局倒是不错(我觉得书的最后几章开始牛逼起来了,前面的铺垫能串起来了),但没精彩到吸引我去奋不顾身的做一个考据党/脑补党。

  虽然盖曼老师是我男神,但如果《美国众神》是你的第一本尼尔盖曼,劝君还是先把这本放一下。

  -----------------------------------------------

  顺带稍微说一下对新神的理解。

  读书的时候我一直觉得新神和旧神之间有一种微妙的不平衡感。

  旧神是奥丁,是众神之父,象征死亡,战争,计谋;是 岑诺伯格 CZERNBOG,黑之神,象征死亡,痛苦,阴郁(和他哥哥白之神正好相反)。

  新神却是科技,媒介,汽车---我就想说,这些不都是工具么,他们只有人的注意力,却也仅此而已了。

  这么说,

  以前人们点燃火把,用刀染血,祭祀旧神;人们还可能祭祀火神,但没有人直接祭祀火把,没有人直接祭祀刀或者血。

  如果所有人依然留在自己的故土,只是给他们的生活引入现代工具的话,人们同样会用电视讲述旧神的故事,给神烧汽车做祭祀……

  因此相较书中的新神,我倒更倾向现实的品牌是与旧神抗衡的力量。

  你看现在全球化后,跨国公司开始成为和国家比肩的势力,品牌们开始被赋予“情怀”,被狂热的粉丝追捧拥戴。

  有人省吃俭用去买名牌包。

  有人通宵排队等最新款手机限量运动鞋。

  还有人愿意为了自己狂热的品牌在网上和陌生人大打口水战。

  要我说这才是 worship。

  只是小说恐怕不能这么写。

  如果我跟别人安利说这是一本讲奥丁和可口可乐打架的故事,逼格都得降一个档次。

  想象一下:

  奥丁身后一排站着爱尔兰妖精埃及死神日本狐狸精中国沙悟净;

  可口可乐身后麦当劳苹果松下PRADA阿迪达斯一溜排开。

  读者还不得以为你写软文呢,星云奖手动再见。

  《American Gods》读后感(五):乱评

  整个故事没有任何重要的事情发生,但是不得不被其中的紧张张力折服。Shadow不仅仅是西部硬汉式的英雄,也是个有脑子的笨蛋,一个男人也会为之迷恋的男人。

  魔幻现实的紧张故事以及犬儒一击式的结尾也让故事更显得魔幻,就和Nirvana的歌一样,最后的结局总是故意不痛不痒让人蛋疼。对白是最精彩的地方,很多时候感觉就是不着调,在现实中么该用装逼来形容,就是真正对什么都能处变不惊,极大显示了木讷外表下Shadow极度的聪明;最后小镇破案情节也算个对这种设定烂俗的回马枪式的回应吧,美式大片最爱用这种手法了。另外个烂熟的地方是我都猜出来Czernobog 拿出锤子会做什么了,要拍成电影估计不会喜欢这样的表达,要是真锤下去那才叫精彩。嗯老实承认我没想到Bielebog 和Czernobog是一个人,但我挺喜欢这个人物的。

  Odin嘛。。。就和Shadow一样,最终还是 I keep on missing him. 这里的神没有信仰来源大部分都是废物,很多都在做小偷小摸的下流甚至下贱勾当,Odin 真算是迷死人的特立独行的一个了。BTW,我对中间出现过那个爱尔兰火精灵操阿拉伯人的一段搞基非常困惑,不知道对小说剧情的影响是什么。

  hadow在雷克雅未克遇到老Odin -- 也就是美国Odin Wednesday 的本体 -- 做了一个硬币魔术,Odin说:"Again. More, Do again". Shadow 说:“You People, You're never satisfied.” 酷酷的结尾,道出了很多神的贪婪。

  《American Gods》读后感(六):请来一份众神杂烩

  读完这本书还是期末的时候:差一周要考新闻理论这种硬课,书到了。于是我就开始催命一般的阅读过程,寝室熄灯后拖着小马扎在走廊里狂看。快600多页的书终于被我在考试前赶完了。

  作为第一次读尼尔盖曼的读者,我对这位作家几乎没什么了解。某种程度上我认为也正是因为这样American gods给我了这本小说最原始的感受和内容—无关作者、无关类型、无关风格。

  如果一定要来个定义,我还是认为美国众神实际是一本不折不扣的奇幻或者说魔幻小说。虽然内容中大篇幅的笔墨用在描述公路旅行、更换不同的地点、洲际公路旁的小餐馆等等,但是其中最重头的,也是让我最喜欢这本书的地方之一,就是作者构建出的一个初具雏形的各路神明的世界—帷幔背后的世界。尤其在最后一章,Shadow将自己吊在ashtree上经历九天九夜以祭祀Odin,在肉体的折磨中幻像丛生,从自己的童年出发大量奇妙回忆奔涌而:母亲的早逝,童年的悲伤和迁徙,妻子的意外死亡和监狱岁月,最后和命运女神经历地狱,揭穿自己身世又得到了复活女神的眷顾,在弗吉尼亚的荒山里得以复生。这一章的描写笔调神秘而饱满,作者似乎把前半部对于Shadow吝啬的笔墨在这里补偿了回来,让这个硬汉都沉默寡言所隐藏的情感波涛汹涌的通过他的词语表现出来,命运的回环和壮阔加上作者奇异的想像,在读这部分时候整个人都感慨万千。

  遗憾的是,这种饱满仅仅是个别章节而已。整部小说的预设非常宏大-以当代美国为背景,Shadow是一个从监狱里出狱的沉默隐忍的彪形大汉(介于作者总在强调he is so big and tough让我一度坚信他其实是thor,不过后来odin有交代thor在八几年自杀了,白鸡冻)。出狱之后各种机缘巧合,他开始为化名为Wednesday的all father Odin服务,渐渐的Shadow了解到一场真正的暴风雨即将来临,旧时代的神明即将迎来一场大战,他们大多垂垂老矣或早被人遗忘,而在这个国家新的神正在崛起,崇尚物质,消费,高科技的现在社会有他们信仰的神,这些新的神威胁着古代神明永恒的生命,杀戮和阴谋正在双方中间酝酿着。他跟随Odin从南到北,拜访各种old gods,说服他们响应Odin加入这场暴风雨的战斗。最终Odin被化名为Mr world的新神明的老大杀死,Shadow却意外发现了Odin的弟弟Loki出现在尸体交接的无神之地。(Loki在书里完全是个酱油,气炸)众神由于Odin之死而宣战,大战一触即发,Shadow却在地狱的经历中得知了自己真正父亲原来就是Odin,而Mr world则是Loki用变形术掩人耳目设计出来的人物。所有的一切都是为了最终的神之战,Odin feeds on slain and death ,and Loki feeds on chaos,在大战爆发之时,Loki将用gods的死亡和杀戮来祭祀Odin。

  预设强大,场景多彩而丰富,节奏和线索都上佳的布局,却摆在铺陈太大,收势太难,人物血肉不丰,令这部小说有种失衡之感。其实这一点在Shadow身上做的不赖,对Shadow的直接描写并不多,作者吝啬到在luara的葬礼部分甚至都对Shadow的感情变化淡淡几笔,但是他的节制或许正是因为Shadow本身并不是一个善于言辞的人,他沉默、冷静,坚韧而不露出主观感情,让这样一个主角担当重任似乎确实很难。于是,我们就有了各种可爱的old god怪咖,他们在晨昏女神家里做客那段,人物的可爱和窘迫跃然纸上,夜半Shadow在屋顶被女神赠予银币那段更是朦胧唯美。但是Odin的狡诈和老谋深算,Luara的爱意和温柔等等其实都比较平淡,像Mr town,sam等等就更是寡淡。这部小说的情节本身是磅礴有张力的,其中可以斟酌和丰富的细节简直太多,人物之时其中最明显的表现之一,尤其是后半部分,作者明显已经马力不足,在铺开如此壮阔的战场之后,他已经没有太多的力气去给每个士兵赋予鲜活的血肉了。

  Loki 的形象是这样的,twisted scared smile with ember dancing in the shadow of his eyes,说实话Loki没在书里担任更坏的反派实在一大遗憾,和Odin的狡猾虚伪相比,Loki在北欧神话里是以聪慧狡黠著称的,亦邪亦正的火神。在善恶之间玩跳跳板。所以把他写成一个掩藏在帽子下有着邪恶笑容保持着低调的扭曲人物应该挺合适的……在书里他是第一个出场的-伪装成了shadow的cellmate,化名low key。无奈loki的角色出了当了老狐狸odin的跟班,在这里没有什么大的功用。

  关于Shadow。shadow在去妻子的葬礼的路上和audrey相遇,她告诉他luara的出轨和车祸时她正和自己的丈夫在一起。shadow说,do you want me to tell you that it didn't hurt,or that what you told me made me hate her more than I miss her?this is not going to happen.看到这里我又玻璃心了。其实这个故事一开场就充满了死亡和阴暗,就像odin一开始不过也是一友善的假面找到shadow,shadow在跟随他穿越北美的过程中,不断的将自己的悲痛放下,这就是为什么他总那么冷静无谓。失去一切的人会选择直面他所经历的一切,并且忠勇而坚定,他寻找的不是极限而是平静,最终死亡带给他平静,也回报给他重生。书中最后shadow阻止了众神之战,loki被luara杀死,odin享用众神鲜血来获得祭祀的诡计没有得逞。Shadow或许并不敬重他,但是他却为odin感到难过,他渴望他能够复生,因为其实shadow如同对待父亲一样对待odin。我猜想最终shadow并不是由于巧合和度假去了冰岛,或许他是为了寻找什么。也确实all father的北欧原版找到了他—这位老人更加高大,却精神奕奕。死去的是那个在美国的垂死之神wednesday,是shadow的父亲。old gods依然在他们的故土保佑着他们的人民。

  书中还穿插了几个短篇的小故事,讲述美国的先民们,被贩卖来的黑奴们怎样把他们家乡的信仰传播到新大陆。随着美洲大陆的发现,先民们也带来了他们信奉的神,这些神明在新大陆不断被先民到子孙所敬仰和膜拜,直到随着时代变迁被人遗忘和尘封。相比大的故事,这几则小故事比较完整,情感也丰富,记不得哪一章,有一个描写的一个黑人女孩一生在流转之中为奴一世,变成垂垂老妇,心里思念故土和失散的哥哥,家乡的神话和神灵就如同亲人一样给她唯一的安慰。

  最后,真心希望如此预设宏大的小说,像american gods,像指环王,作者可不可以给人物加上瞬间移动技能啊啊啊啊!到处跑来跑去,一半时间都在公路游了好嘛!每次看甘道夫骑马到处乱跑都快累死了。学学罗琳,幻影移形多酷炫啊!

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