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《高窗》读后感精选

2021-05-03 00:35:10 来源:文章吧 阅读:载入中…

《高窗》读后感精选

  《高窗》是一本由[英] 菲利普·拉金著作,上海人民出版社出版的精装图书,本书定价:49.00元,页数:340,特精心从网络上整理的一些读者的读后感,希望对大家能有帮助。

  《高窗》读后感(一):拉金和艾略特(待思考)

  读艾略特时,看到译者序说,拉金等年青一代要把艾略特代表的现代派诗歌当作不愉快的插曲,试图在诗界重新确立托马斯·哈代的传统。我不懂这句话里的现代派和传统分别代表什么(这是知识的缺乏)。读了一些艾略特之后,借来拉金这本。所以,我的拉金阅读带着先入的对比性的问题意识(不知道这对于读作品尤其诗好不好,没有一种天真和素朴了)。相比艾略特,拉金的诗是直接的,我想到古文学习时“用典”,艾略特在历史、宗教、文学传统方面的用典融入诗句的血液里,拉金则直接写感觉,诗性自然流露而出。谁更好?我读的时候,有时控制不住评判的想法。昨天看到本雅明的一句话让我跳出了这个问题,“批评是一种道德问题。如果歌德对荷尔德林、克莱斯特、贝多芬和让·保罗的判断有误,那么,一定是他的道德感觉,而非他的艺术理解力出了错。”艾略特和拉金,在道德方面,都是批判的(资本主义、妨碍自由的社会与自我),尽管拉金是矛盾甚至悲观的(自由究竟有无可能),但他的立场是个人自由是不可侵犯的底线。

  那么审美判断呢?我喜欢拉金,读他的诗,很多像在大自然里呼吸新鲜空气的感觉。还像耶茨的小说,在生活里、针尖一样精准的感觉。但我知道,我也喜欢艾略特,我喜欢那种学者的知识丰富、严谨、平淡下隐藏的坚定自我和爱。《拯救与逍遥》里有一章关于艾略特,《拯救与逍遥》的作者喜欢艾略特,如此自然而然。

  但是,我确切感觉到有一些问题(我甚至不能断定是不是关键性的问题)从我手里溜掉了。拉金反对艾略特,如果不是本雅明说的“值得的”“为了流派而牺牲客观性”,甚至哪怕就是,我需要更细致地去体验他们诗里敏感的具体幽微的不同,进入具体之后,再跳出来看。读拉金时,我隐隐感觉到一些问题的线索,可是它们太模糊,我当时没能抓住,怎么也想不起来了。接下来读艾略特时,继续思考,作为一个要给自己解答的问题吧。

  《高窗》读后感(二):几首喜欢的诗

  很难听见比菲利普·拉金更为真诚的声音,个人比较偏爱《较少受骗者》和《降灵节婚礼》,可谓首首精品。

  ---------

  早晨在此铺展,

  穿过每条街道,

  而我们再次变得陌生;

  假如我们相遇,

  我怎能告诉你

  昨夜你来过,

  不邀而至,在梦中?

  怎样才能忘记

  我们心平气和地磨损了爱,

  像朋友一样

  间或交谈,即将成为

  任由激情在心里死去的人。

  现在,望着那红色的东方在铺展,

  我惊讶爱已能出现

  在梦里,而我们相遇的次数

  不会比我在一只手上数到的更多。

  ---------

  这是头一桩

  我理解的事:

  时间是斧子的回声,

  响在树林里。

  ---------

  在那青涩的日子里你昂着头,

  摘下日子,品尝到苦涩,

  仿佛树叶间依旧寒冷。相反,

  变得更甜蜜的是你割裂的形象,

  浮现着,翅膀绷紧,在阳光中聚集,

  伴着模糊不清的事物和我在入睡前停息的

  羞愧的大风。现在我不敢想象

  你曾经存在:只是一个

  偶尔鸣响的名字,像一种信仰

  久已嵌入停滞的过去。

  夏天渐渐耗尽。现在我们平安无事。

  失去信心的日子,如今在屋里

  就能面对。这是你最后的、小心翼翼的时刻,

  割断。粘合;一个乡野冬天的消遣。

  ---------

  地方,爱人

  是的,我从没有找到

  一个地方,可以说

  “这是适合我的土地,

  我就待在这儿了;”

  也没有遇见那个特别的人,

  理应立刻得到

  我所拥有的一切,

  直至我的名字;

  想要找到这些似乎是为了证明

  你不想要其他选择,对于

  在哪里建房子,或者爱谁;

  你让她们无可挽回地

  忍受你,

  所以这不是你的错,

  如果城镇变得沉闷,

  姑娘变成傻子。

  然而,你错过了她们,

  你注定仍然如此,

  仿佛你所接受的东西

  事实上,压碎了你;

  更明智的做法不是去想

  你可能直到今天仍然

  多此一举地追寻着

  你的地方,你的人。

  --------------

  闺名

  婚姻使得你的闺名弃置不用。

  这五个轻音不再暗示你的面容,

  你的声音,和你举止的优美;

  既然这规矩将你和另一人

  善意地弄混,你再不能

  在语义上与那个年轻姑娘对等:

  这两个词原是用来称呼她。

  现在仅是词汇,不再适用任何人,

  它躺在你离开它的地方,是否消散在

  陈旧的名册、节目单,或是学校的奖项,

  还是那两札信函,系着苏格兰格子丝绒?

  它是否真的轻软无力,不再发散香气,毫无

  真实可言?试着幽幽对它低语。

  不,它仍是你。或者,既然你已离去,

  它便是此刻我们感受的那时的你。

  多么美丽,年轻,令人亲近,

  你仍生动地站在那里,

  在那些最初的日子中间,再不会

  你的闺名隐蔽着我们的忠诚,

  不会失却形状,减少意义,

  随同你渐渐贬值的旧物箱。

  ------------

  高窗

  当我看见一对年轻人,

  猜想他在操她,而她

  在吃避孕药或戴子宫帽,

  我知道这是天堂。

  每个老年人都曾毕生梦想——

  束缚和姿势被推向一边,

  像一架过时的联合收割机。

  而每个年轻人顺着长长的滑道

  滑向幸福,无休无止。我不知道

  四十年前,是否也有人看着我,

  并以为,那就是生活;

  不再有上帝,不用在黑暗中

  为苦境而焦虑,也不必藏匿

  你对神父的看法,他

  和他的命运将顺着长长的滑道一路滑行,

  像自由的流血的鸟,随即到来的是

  关于高窗的思索,而非词语:

  那蓄含阳光的玻璃,

  在那之外,是深湛的天空,昭示着

  虚无,乌有,无穷无息。

  -----------

  这就是诗

  他们搞糟了你,你妈咪和爹地。

  也许不是有意,但事实如此。

  他们将自己的毛病塞满你

  再加点儿别的,特意为你。

  但他们也被搞糟

  被衣帽老土的傻子,

  他们一半时间虚情假意,

  一半时间吵个你死我活。

  痛苦代代传递。

  像海滨沙洲越陷越深。

  趁早跳将出去,

  可别再养什么孩子。

  《高窗》读后感(三):译者的尊严

  1.

  初识舒丹丹还要从2010年8月,由重庆大学出版社出版的《别处的意义》说起。撇开信达雅中的‘信’与否不去探究,至少她给我的感觉是耳目一新的。先来看她翻译菲利普.拉金的这首诗:

  《盛年》

  一种停滞的感觉……正如,我想象,

  直到孤单的身体变得

  疲倦,不真切;

  然后开始感到一种向后的牵引

  在替代,令人厌恶而专横——

  有人说,充满欲望。

  这一定是生命的盛年……我闭眼,

  仿佛疼痛;的确疼痛,想起

  这场哑剧

  关于补偿与消解,

  挫败与伪装,事实上,构成了

  我生命的盛年。

  出手就不同凡响!有人也许会说那是诗本身写得好。但实际翻译过拉金的人都知道:拉金也许是20世纪英语世界中最难翻译的诗人了。

  他诗歌词汇多义性的选择时常让人想破脑袋也不知所云。而豆瓣拉金小组的小组介绍干脆就这样写道:他或许是英语世界最难被翻译和模仿的诗人。

  2.

  翻译拉金是件极为考究的技术活儿。你不仅要从宏观上理解它的整体逻辑,用词上的简洁与精确,还原为中文时句法的自然、干净利落都是对译者极大的考验。笔者此前极为推崇的黄灿然没有碰过拉金,或许是出于一位译者的自知与谦逊。

  这样的大家,拥有这样的谦逊,在这个时代已经是一种极为罕有的现象了。诗歌翻译的确艰难,不如说它任何时候都是一件极为艰巨的任务。去年由杨铁军翻译的《林间空地》在我看来也是一个不成熟的尝试。可是谁又敢指出这一点呢?对比一下曹明伦的弗洛斯特吧!哪里都有圈子,哪里都有贡高我慢。犹记得去年中旬,笔者头一次有意识地去北京听诗歌讲座,一场是大雅诗丛的发布会,另一场是王家新等诗人主持的《白鹭》发布会。其中王家新还特别谈到了由袁可嘉翻译的叶芝。要知道,笔者曾经也是叶芝的忠实读者,而袁可嘉那样过于简单的翻译在我看来几乎是不合格的。可王家新居然还用推崇的口吻去赞赏他。这对于广大的诗歌爱好者是多么大的误导!简直是误人子弟。当然,要看穿这些人的把戏很难,甚至王家新自己翻译过的叶芝也是值得推敲的。

  3.

  回头来说舒丹丹。6年后,也就是今年,上海人民出版社出版了她翻译的拉金全集。笔者纵然不会对其中的所有诗歌都作出清晰的评判——这和笔者的英文水平有限有一定的关联。但就是这样,我还是能够随机指出至少3首,到4首她的翻译存在的问题与漏洞。请看下面这首:

  《无话可说》

  野草一样模糊的国度,

  出没于岩石间的游牧族,

  身材矮小,脸画十字的部落

  和那些工厂小镇黑暗的早晨里

  鹅卵石一样密集的房屋

  对于他们,生活就是慢慢死去。

  这是他们各自不同的方式

  建筑,祈福,

  算计着爱与钱财

  慢慢死去的方式。

  而那些耗费在猎猪

  或举行花园晚会上的日子,

  那些用来作证

  或生孩子的时间,也同样

  缓慢地迈向死亡。

  说这些,对一些人

  毫无意义;对另一些人

  无话可说。

  下面是我的翻译:

  《缄口不语》

  对于像野草般不纯正的民族,

  对于在山石间徘徊的游牧者,

  身材矮小,一脸狡黠的部落

  和大卵石般紧靠的家家户户

  在阴郁黎明城镇工厂的劳作

  生活就是慢慢地死去。

  这也是他们疏远高楼大厦的

  方式,以及疏远所谓的恩赐,

  这也是他们在缓慢地死去中

  掂量爱情和金钱的方式。

  其余时间用来狩猎野猪,

  或是举办一场露天聚会。

  分娩给予了他们出生的证明,

  或者使死亡公正的缓慢提前

  来临。把这些说给一些人听

  如同废话;而其他人则只会

  缄口不语。

  野草怎么会是“模糊”的呢,“脸画十字”也是理解有偏差,“黑暗的早晨”更是莫名其妙。“那些用来作证/或生孩子的时间”也是梳理得不透彻所致。

  再看下面这首:

  《树》

  树正长出新叶

  好像某事呼之欲出;

  初绽的嫩芽悄然舒展,

  点点新绿恰似某种幽怨。

  是否它们再获新生

  我们却颓然老去?不,它们也会死亡,

  它们簇然一新年年如是的把戏

  正被刻写在树的年轮。

  永不静歇的树丛依旧摇曳

  在成熟稠密的年年五月。

  去年已死,它们似在诉说,

  开始重生,重生,重生。

  下面是我的翻译:

  《树》

  众树正化为叶子的形态

  如同自然界的法则所说;

  新近的芽放松,并张开自己,

  它们的绿色是一种苦难之因。

  它们重生了吗,区别于我们的

  衰老?不,它们也照样死去。

  它们每年看上去新颖的把戏

  就是在年轮上又刻下新的一轮。

  这些永不静止的城堡仍然

  在每年的青春期被风拍击

  成熟的叶片。去年已不复

  存在,它们似乎在说,那就

  重新开始吧,重新,重新开始。

  “好像某事呼之欲出”完全是理解没到位,“某种幽怨”又是从何说起呢?“它们簇然一新年年如是的把戏”显得不够简练。“去年已死”去年怎么会“死”呢,也是一个毛病。

  再来看这首:

  《年岁》

  我消逝的年岁像白色的绷带

  漂浮在不远不近,化成

  一片有人烟的云。我俯身靠近,看到

  一间亮灯的屋子携着人声疾驰而过。

  噢,你这艰难的游戏,我已厌倦参与!

  现在我跋涉着穿越你,像穿越及膝的野草,

  它们陪伴着我,亲爱的半透明的冰山:

  沉默和空间。到如今太多的东西已经飘走,

  从这里,我头脑的窝巢,我必须转身,

  好知道我留下了什么样的痕迹,无论是脚印,

  野兽的足迹,或一只鸟熟练的展翅。

  下面是我的翻译:

  《时日》

  我的时日无多,像白色的襁褓

  漂流于生命长河的中央,最后

  将变成天上的一缕烟雾。靠近

  些,就能发觉点亮的居所内,

  人们的声音刻意回避这一话题。

  噢人生这勇敢的游戏我现已

  疲于招架!现在我艰难地跋涉

  穿过它,像穿过及膝高的野草,

  于是他们照料我,可爱、真诚

  宛似冰山:缄默,伴有那么些

  距离感。迄今为止,有那么多

  的文字从我头脑的鸟巢里飞出,

  现在我必须转而了解,我留下

  的,是怎样的作品,还有那

  两只脚,足迹遍及何处,或像

  一只鸟,展示它拍翼的熟练。

  如果说前两首还是小毛病的话,这首就几乎不能看了:完全没摸到边!

  “我消逝的年岁像白色的绷带/漂浮在不远不近,化成/一片有人烟的云。”这哪里还是印象中的舒丹丹呢,分明是一个业余水准的译者。她完全不知道自己在说些什么!“它们陪伴着我,亲爱的半透明的冰山:/沉默和空间。”这更是惹人发笑了。总之这首全面暴露了一个想当然的译者,为了完成合同所作出的急功近利的翻译。

  4.

  在这个时代,像黄灿然这样谦逊又精进的翻译家实在太少。所有有一定资历和话语权的人都急着上位,都急着在诗歌史上为自己留下浓墨重彩的一笔。殊不知这样急躁的行为只会给后辈留下话柄,当然,名和利谁都想要,有些人用一时去争取,另一些则用一辈子。

  2016.4.12 李因

  《高窗》读后感(四):ZT舒丹丹:拉金是“写平凡的大师”(《南方都市报》访谈)

  2016年1月,菲利普·拉金的诗歌全集《高窗》由上海人民出版社出版。这也许是2016年上半年最值得期待的译诗集,它呈现了20世纪最重要的英语诗人之一、“运动派”代表人物菲利普·拉金诗歌写作的全貌,包括拉金生前出版的全部四部诗集《北方船》、《较少受骗者》、《降灵节婚礼》、《高窗》以及一些散佚未辑之作。

  菲利普·拉金1922年生于英格兰沃里克郡考文垂市,其父西德尼·拉金是考文垂市的财政部长。拉金在中产阶级家庭长大,青年时就读牛津大学圣约翰学院,并以优异的成绩毕业。和同时代的诗人、作家相比,拉金的生活算得上波澜不惊,他一生在图书馆工作,从图书管理员做到图书馆馆长。他在爱情方面运道不佳,几次失败的恋爱让他终身未婚。

  拉金是描写英格兰城市居民日常经验和情感的大师,从内涵和技巧上增添了现代诗歌的向度。习惯于晦涩用典和精巧隐喻的诗人们讶异于在拉金的诗里读到“小便后摸索回床”(《悲伤的脚步》)或“当我看见一对年轻人,猜想他在操她”(《高窗》),或“他们搞糟了你,你妈咪和爹地”(《这就是诗》)这样明白却突兀的句子,俚俗至极又带着生活粗朴的本质之美。

  出生于70年代的舒丹丹既是译者,也是诗人和画家。在前两部译著《别处的意义》、《我们所有人》里,她已表现出对诗歌语言和韵律的独特敏感,而《高窗》是“诗人译诗”的又一佳例。在采访中,舒丹丹告诉南都记者,翻译《高窗》对她来说不啻为挑战,不仅要在质朴与精巧、传统与现代、俚俗和庄重之间把握分寸,还要“尽可能传神地再现诗人的语调和气息,美感再植,复原拉金诗歌的‘英国风味’。”

  翻译拉金,当作个人的精神救赎

  南都:你为什么开始翻译菲利普·拉金的诗歌?它怎样帮助你度过了一段“艰难的时期”?

  舒丹丹:我译拉金,也是出于一种机缘。我最早从2003年开始翻译菲利普•拉金诗歌,初读原作,就觉得与我自己当时的心情有一种微妙的契合,那些深刻洞悉人生困境的诗句打动了我,拉金冷静质朴的诗歌风格也是我喜欢的类型。初译拉金,更多的是将它当成这嘈杂世界里一种个人的纯净的精神救赎与慰籍,我的精神生命也因此开启了一片新天地。翻译拉金的那些日子,很孤寂也很辛劳,但是愉悦而充实。

  南都:《高窗》收集了拉金生前四部诗集《北方船》、《较少受骗者》、《降灵节婚礼》、《高窗》以及一些未辑之诗,是目前国内拉金诗作最完整的译本。从这些诗歌看,拉金的写作经历了几个阶段?每个阶段有什么样的发展变化?

  舒丹丹:这个版本译介收录了拉金生前出版发表过的所有诗歌作品,可一观拉金诗歌全貌。拉金的诗歌创作大致可分为三个时期:1946 年前为早年时期,这一时期拉金主要受到艾略特、奥登及叶芝等现代主义诗歌观念影响,在诗歌意象、诗体形式和语言风格上都有对现代主义和意象主义的继承,诗歌的抽象和象征意味较浓。从1946 年起,拉金进入诗歌创作的成熟期。在批判性学习和研究美国现代诗歌的过程中,拉金对现代派诗歌的晦涩和断裂发出了质疑和抨击,转而师法具有英诗传统的“哈代风格”,务求从日常生活经验出发,写得具体、准确,将平实的英国日常和意识形态纳入诗歌的内核,题材和内容上更具经验主义和现实主义的特点,摆脱了早期叶芝式的浪漫和“虚假”,找到了属于自己的声音,进入了诗歌创作成熟期。从1974 年到1985 年逝世,是拉金诗歌创作的晚年时期,这一时期,拉金逐渐丧失了诗歌活力,整整十年写诗数量极少,但是仍有《晨歌》这样探索死亡题材的力作和《割草机》这样的好诗。

  经验主义是拉金诗歌观念的核心

  南都:你在诗集末尾附上了拉金年表。拉金1922年出生于中产阶级之家,毕业于牛津大学圣约翰学院,一生的职务是在图书馆做图书管理员或馆长。拉金在恋爱上受挫,终身未婚。这些人生经历怎样地渗入了他的诗歌,并养成了他冷静、忧郁、自嘲的风格?

  舒丹丹:附上年表,了解诗人的生平和经历,有助于我们更好地理解拉金诗歌。因为经验主义倾向是拉金诗歌观念的核心,对于拉金来说,诗歌忠于个人的日常经验无比重要,这一点和他一直推重的哈代相似,读者几乎可以从他的诗歌中看到他生活的全部维度。他不是一个超验性的诗人,他的人生经历成为他诗歌的灵感和源头,渗入并滋养了他的诗歌。拉金诗歌成熟期的转变也正是有赖于他开始忠于自己的日常经验,让事实发出自己的声音,从而确立自己的诗歌风格。拉金曾说,“一个人可以简单地退回自己的生活,基于这种生活写作。”此外,拉金个人经历的平淡和情感上的受挫,使得他对世界和人生的阴暗面和困境较为关注,这也可说是其诗歌忧郁自嘲风格的源头或基础。

  南都:拉金的诗歌受到英国诗人艾略特和哈代的影响,这一点在哪些方面有所体现?豆瓣上有读者提出对《别处的意义》一诗的另一种译法,您作何回应?

  舒丹丹:拉金早期诗歌受到以庞德和艾略特为代表的现代主义诗歌观念的影响,在诗歌意象、诗体形式和语言风格上都有对现代主义和意象主义的继承,在意象、情绪、技巧和用语上呈现抽象感伤精致典雅的特点,如《舞者》《踢松火堆,让火焰迸发》等作品。之后,拉金对现代派诗歌产生质疑,主张回归理性结构和正常句法,在诗体形式、格律和语言风格上接续并突破了英诗传统,呈现一种独特的传统与后现代并存的诗歌风格,如《去教堂》《布里尼先生》《爆炸》等作品。

  说到豆瓣网上那位读者对《别处的意义》一诗最后一句译法的质疑,在此顺便回答一下。对此诗的翻译,我坚持自己的理解,维持原译不变。拉金是个本土主义者,在他看来,哪里都不如故乡英格兰,他对去任何外国或别处旅行都了无兴趣。对他来说,别处的意义正在于确认自己的归属,通过对别处(如诗中的爱尔兰)的对比,以此确认故乡对自我存在的支撑和意义,“除了这里,再没有别处支撑我的存在”。诗中的“这里”,不只是故乡意义上的,更是生命意义上的,是精神的原乡。至于昆德拉的“生活在别处”对“别处”一词的阐释,那是另一回事,须知我们是依据拉金来译拉金,而不是依据昆德拉来译拉金。分析原文就可清楚理解:Here no elsewhere underwrites my existence. 其实意思是It is here not any elsewhere that underwrites my existence之意,即“是这里,而不是别处,支撑我的存在”之意,而非那位读者所理解的“这里没有别处……”。但还是非常感谢那位读者认真的阅读,挑剔总是让我们能更深入地思考。

  个人色彩和英国本土性

  南都: 拉金的诗歌语言朴质新颖,引用俚俗口语,同时又极端注重格律,在翻译上是否对译者形成挑战?你认为翻译拉金最大的难度在哪儿?

  舒丹丹:拉金诗歌的翻译难度很大。难度首先体现在对诗作原文的准确理解、对语言风格的把握和对词语丰富意蕴的再现和选择上。拉金诗歌反现代主义的晦涩和割裂,他的诗歌有清晰的内在逻辑,所以在汉译中不可译得晦涩不清,应准确把握其内在逻辑。翻译难度还体现在英文音韵和格律在汉语中的难以对应和复原,以及对其平实和庄重,质朴和精巧,传统与后现代之间既矛盾又和谐的平衡感的分寸把握上,不可失衡。此外,尽可能传神地再现诗人的语调和气息,美感再植,复原拉金诗歌的“英国风味”也是翻译难度所在。比如代表作《高窗》就很好地体现了拉金诗歌的风格特点,既有俚俗口语,又有庄重用语,还有考究的诗歌结构和格律,在翻译中要把各种语体色彩和风格恰如分寸地、和谐而不突兀地表现出来,对译者是个挑战。

  南都:拉金最好的诗歌都真实可感,融入了最细微但“未被梳理”的日常经验,比如《降灵节婚礼》、《去教堂》或《悲伤的脚步》。中国诗人普遍认为拉金是描写平淡无奇的日常经验的大师。在这方面,你是否有所体会?

  舒丹丹:诺贝尔文学奖得主沃尔科特曾称拉金为“写平凡的大师”,他说“拉金发明了一个缪斯:她的名字是庸常。她是属于日常,习惯和重复的缪斯。她住在生活本身之中,她不是一个超越生活的形象,不是一个渴求中的幻影,而是一个习惯于长期独身的男人朴实无华的伴侣。”对日常经验的忠实使拉金成为一个专注于平凡的诗人。无论个人形象,写作题材,或诗歌用语及语调都显示了这一特点。拉金的诗歌题材包括风景、欲望、两性关系、家庭婚姻、信仰和对死亡的思考等,都是他个人感受中的日常经验,这些诗歌在对真人真事的描述中显示出强烈的个人色彩和英国本土性。

  爵士乐带来的切分与反讽效果

  南都:拉金对爵士乐的喜爱对他的诗歌写作是否有影响?

  舒丹丹:拉金反现代主义,但他喜爱传统爵士乐,他同时也是出色的爵士乐评论家。拉金诗歌中以爵士乐为题材的作品不少,如《给西德尼•比切特》、《回溯》、《在场的理由》等。从某种角度来看,拉金诗歌也具有爵士乐特质,爵士乐好比谱写拉金诗歌的重要音符。爵士乐独特的即兴音乐风格、切分节奏和蓝色音调,映射了拉金诗歌中严谨的诗节、明快的语言和常用的抑扬格五音步或四音步的格律。抑扬格五音步的诗体大多可谱写成完美的布鲁斯歌曲,拉金的许多诗节都与此有异曲同工之妙,二者在节奏上有一种融合。而爵士乐对平凡的传承、对普通人生活和精神的反映等文化特质也诉诸于拉金的诗歌精神和观念中。此外,拉金擅以粗言俚语镶嵌在庄重的诗行中,产生惊人的效果,也好比爵士乐中的“变调点”和切分节奏,打破读者惯性的心理期待,使严谨的诗节变得灵动和个性,平衡中有律动,产生一种令人震惊的突然和反讽效果。

  南都: 除了拉金之外,你还翻译过哪些诗人的诗作?翻译诗歌对你的写作和生活有什么助益?

  舒丹丹:除了拉金诗集,我系统翻译过的诗人还有美国诗人、小说家雷蒙德•卡佛的诗全集《我们所有人》(2013年出版),此外,2010年曾出版译诗集《别处的意义》,译介了包括保罗•穆顿、丽塔•达夫、简•赫斯菲尔德在内的欧美当代诗人十二家。至今译诗约有700余首。翻译诗歌给我打开了精神生活的一片新天地,也引导我很自然地开始自己的诗歌创作,并对我的诗歌写作做了潜移默化的阅读积累和语感训练,二者互为助益。

  原文链接:http://epaper.oeeee.com/epaper/C/html/2016-04/03/content_24145.htm

  《高窗》读后感(五):不是挑刺,希望是瑕不掩瑜

  不是挑刺,希望是瑕不掩瑜

  舒丹丹的全集译本出来了。之前通过豆瓣了解到阿九在翻译注释版全集,准备入手。但之前一直觉得舒的翻译语感很好,因此也打算买一本。买之前找了几首她之前的拉金翻译看了看,读到这一首的时候突然感觉不对劲,印象中和当时自己读英文的感觉是反的,于是就再找了英文来对照,结果是这样的:

  The Importance of Elsewhere

  Lonely in Ireland, since it was not home,

  trangeness made sense. The salt rebuff of speech,

  Insisting so on difference, made me welcome:

  Once that was recognised, we were in touch.

  Their draughty streets, end-on to hills, the faint

  Archaic smell of dockland, like a stable,

  The herring-hawker's cry, dwindling, went

  To prove me separate, not unworkable.

  Living in England has no such excuse:

  These are my customs and establishments

  It would be much more serious to refuse.

  Here no elsewhere underwrites my existence.

  舒丹丹的翻译:

  《别处的意义》

  在爱尔兰是孤独的,因为它不是家,

  保持疏远颇为明智。风趣而冷漠的言语,

  如此与众不同,使我受到欢迎:

  一旦意识到这一点,我们开始了联系,

  他们的街道穿堂风盛行,尽头连着小山,隐约

  而陈腐的码头的气息,如一座马厩,

  鲱鱼小贩的叫卖声,渐渐微弱,

  证明了我的隔离,并非不切实际。

  生活在英格兰不会有这样的借口:

  这些是我的风俗和规矩,

  拒绝它们可严重得多。

  除了这里,再没有别处支撑我的存在。

  这首“译诗”的意思很明确,爱尔兰这个“别处”是比英格兰这个“故乡”要糟糕的地方。但我认为作者恰好不是这个意思,如果我们对“elsewhere "这个通过昆德拉风靡开来的词语稍微有点体认的话,都应该猜到她的理解可能错了。因此......

  我的重译:

  《别处的重要》

  在爱尔兰是孤独的,因为它不曾是故乡,

  陌生情有可原。那语言咸硬的拒绝,

  如此主张着差异,让我成为受欢迎的:

  一旦那被体认,我们才有了交集。

  他们通风的街道,伸展至山岭,微弱

  而陈旧的码头的味道,像一个马厩,

  鲱鱼小贩的叫卖,渐渐消音,以

  证实着我的隔离,不是无用益的。

  生活在英格兰就没有这样的借口:

  这些是我的习俗和制度

  拒绝会是严重的多的。

  这里没有别处勾勒出我的存在。

  网络上的一篇老外的解读;

  efore he came to Hull, Larkin worked in a library in Belfast, where the inspiration for this poem “lonely in Ireland” comes from. He did, however, dislike travel and being away from England, though as this poem demonstrates, it does have advantages.

  In the first stanza, and into the second, the persona explores the idea of being “elsewhere”. “Strangeness” there “made sense”, because when we’re “elsewhere”, it makes sense to be an outsider and stranger. “Salt rebuff of speech” is a description of the harsh northern Irish accent, and Larkin likes that it is “Insisting so on difference” – for him, it is a relief to not have to be the same as the people around him.

  The second stanza describes Belfast, evoking all the senses: “draughty streets” (touch), “archaic smell” (smell), “herring-hawker’s cry” (hearing). In some ways, the description is similar to the “fishy-smelling / Pastoral” in ‘Here’. Though different, Larkin feels he has an excise for that difference in “To prove me separate, not unworkable”.

  “Living in England has no such excuse”, however. Notice the pronoun usage which also augments the difference: “Their streets…” and in England, these are “my customs”. While he could get away with being antisocial in Ireland, “It would be much more serious to refuse.” The final line reminds us again of the poem ‘Here’ with its first word, and the isolation that he seeks. “Underwrites” is a legal term, meaning to guarantee or confirm; it is ironic really that only in “elsewhere” can he feel confirmed of his “existence”.

  综合下我和上面这位老外的理解:拉金来到陌生,甚至具有很强的“拒绝性”(rebuff)方言和风情的爱尔兰,但是,这种凸显的孤独性并没有将拉金的内心存在抛离,相反,他通过这种孤独和陌生,来体验并感受到爱尔兰的民俗风情,来打开自身,回到自己真实的存在。

  更进而言,因为这种外在的拒绝,才加剧了“我”内心对爱尔兰这个“别处”的好感,才感受到一种别样的“欢迎”,让作者在一种出离感(separate)中,获得一种超越的姿态,去体验“身在别处”的意义。于此相反,英格兰作为作者的故乡,出于根深蒂固的习俗制度的原因,拉金无法将自己真正抽离出来,因为英格兰的风习是难以“拒绝的”,它早已融入作者的肉身和灵魂,因此英格兰也缺乏作为“回到自我”的必要前提的“陌生性”乃至“拒绝性”。

  综合来看,这首诗中,拉金的语言平实但机智微妙,一些细微的用词细节加剧了一种“内和外”,“自我和生存环境”之间的矛盾与反讽(ironic):太熟悉和接纳的故乡,其实压抑了我们的真实,只有那陌生而咸硬的别处,才能打开“存在”本身。

  通过这首诗的阅读,我感觉要翻译拉金,需要非常细微的神经来捕捉这种语言的日常性和用词表面之下的微妙的反讽。而我自己重译后,也一再调整译词,试图还原拉金更原初的味道,也是拉金之所以超越一般诗人而达到的那种更沉入,又更与生俱来的那种机智的味道,或者说境界。但是力所不能及,我只能勉强做到表面字意不出大错的程度。也正是在这个翻译过程中,我才感觉到,只有真正进入对拉金在这个意义上的微妙的体验,才有助于我们个人诗歌技艺的磨练和提升,单纯的一首”语感出色“的译诗是远远不够的。也正是在这个意义上,我感觉翻译拉金是一个多么艰难,又显得“不可能”的任务。如果只是给我们带来一些平常意义的“好诗”,我想大可不必翻译拉金。这也是我认为,当下真正有抱负的诗人都尽量不要去阅读“翻译诗歌”的原因:要进入并研习伟大的诗人何其难矣......

  末了顺便说一句,我之前好像看到过舒丹丹的一本《别处的意义》的诗歌翻译书,如果书名是来自这首拉金的诗歌,会不会是一个她自己都没察觉的误用?另外需要澄清的是,我只是在网络上找到的翻译,是否舒丹丹自己有修订,我不得而知。但是,瑕不掩瑜,希望这首诗只是该译作的个别现象。尽管我对任何伟大诗人的翻译作品都不报期望,但我仍然希望这个评论不会给本书带来不好的负面评价,仅仅只是瑕不掩瑜。

  《高窗》读后感(六):《受骗较少者》(The Less Deceived)原文(待更)

  二十世纪后半叶的英国能与拉金该部诗集的销量相提并论的,或许只有拉金的另外二部诗集以及休斯的《生日信》。我们难以想象是一种怎样的推助力使拉金从那本平庸的《北行船》中遍布的奥登,叶芝式模仿语调中解脱,走向自己的成熟的风格。关于该诗集的篇名《拉金诗全集》已有详细说明,以下只是对原文的缓慢铺展,纷乱的杂感和对部分诗作的疑问陈列。无疑,拉金属于翻译过程中流失众多的诗人,他的诗歌译者若无韵,则显得散化,若刻意效仿韵式,则倾向于打油,个人认为舒译总体优于阿译,但阿译因其大量资料的附带,故更具价值。

  拉金诗歌中不断出现“我”,显然他深谙“我是另一个”这句名言。

Lines on a Young Lady’s Photograph Album(有趣的标题,lines自然是诗行之意,但是否可看作今日“皱纹”的暗示呢,之后的《皮肤》一诗有同样用法,又或是陈旧照片上的褶痕?)

  At last you yielded up the album, which, Once open, sent me distracted. All your ages Matt and glossy on the thick black pages! Too much confectionery, too rich: I choke on such nutritious images.(choke舒译为哽咽,阿译为噎死,因nutritious,我偏向后者)

  My swivel eye hungers from pose to pose –(swivel,试想象一把螺丝刀或转椅) In pigtails, clutching a reluctant cat;(clutch,怀抱或搂着都稍弱,也许,紧抓?) Or furred yourself, a sweet girl-graduate; Or lifting a heavy-headed rose Beneath a trellis, or in a trilby hat

  (Faintly disturbing, that, in several ways) – (此处括号中的内容是对带呢帽仪容的评论) From every side you strike at my control, Not least through these disquieting chaps who loll At ease about your earlier days: Not quite your class, I’d say, dear, on the whole.

  ut o, photography! as no art is, Faithful and disappointing! that records (日后评论家将这二行诗当作运动派风格的概括) Dull days as dull, and hold-it smiles as frauds, And will not censor blemishes Like washing-lines, and Hall’s-Distemper boards,(boards此处指广告牌)

  ut shows the cat as disinclined, and shades A chin as doubled when it is, what grace Your candour thus confers upon her face! How overwhelmingly persuades That this is a real girl in a real place,(回应“真即是美,美即是真”)

  In every sense empirically true!(empirically—经验主义,实证主义) Or is it just the past? Those flowers, that gate, These misty parks and motors, lacerate Simply by being over; you Contract my heart by looking out of date.(out of date,舒译为穿过岁月,阿译为脱离时代,皆可,心为何要“收紧”,兴许因为那过时目光中的距离感吧)

  Yes, true; but in the end, surely, we cry Not only at exclusion, but because It leaves us free to cry. We know what was Won’t call on us to justify Our grief, however hard we yowl across

  The gap from eye to page. So I am left To mourn (without a chance of consequence) You, balanced on a bike against a fence; To wonder if you’d spot the theft(舒译有误,这里的偷更近于偷窥而非窃走) Of this one of you bathing; to condense,

  In short, a past that no one now can share, No matter whose your future; calm and dry, It holds you like a heaven, and you lie (lie是否也藏了层说谎之意?) Unvariably lovely there, Smaller and clearer as the years go by.(阿译此数行有误,这里的天堂,是一个沉静的私人空间,不容外人,乃至最亲近之人的目光去穿透,尤其不为“性”穿透,它在“Dry-point”的尾段有更清晰的呈现。)

Wedding-Wind

  The wind blew all my wedding-day, And my wedding-night was the night of the high wind;(不瞒各位说,我直接联想到了性爱) And a stable door was banging, again and again, That he must go and shut it, leaving me Stupid in candlelight, hearing rain, Seeing my face in the twisted candlestick,(此处于全诗中显得格外突兀,或许蕴藏了几分不安) Yet seeing nothing. When he came back He said the horses were restless, and I was sad That any man or beast that night should lack The happiness I had.

  ow in the day All’s ravelled under the sun by the wind’s blowing. He has gone to look at the floods, and I Carry a chipped pail to the chicken-run, Set it down, and stare. All is the wind Hunting through clouds and forests, thrashing My apron and the hanging cloths on the line. Can it be borne, this bodying-forth by wind Of joy my actions turn on, like a thread Carrying beads? Shall I be let to sleep(加黑处中译不易,但并非难懂) Now this perpetual morning shares my bed? Can even death dry up These new delighted lakes, conclude Our kneeling as cattle by all-generous waters?(人与自然合一,劳伦斯《虹》)

Places, Loved Ones

  o, I have never found The place where I could say This is my proper ground, Here I shall stay; Nor met that special one Who has an instant claim On everything I own Down to my name;

  To find such seems to prove You want no choice in where To build, or whom to love; You ask them to bear You off irrevocably,(译为无可挽回似有些变扭,此处指一种无选择可言的命定) So that it’s not your fault Should the town turn dreary, The girl a dolt.

  Yet, having missed them, you’re Bound, none the less, to act As if what you settled for Mashed you, in fact;(关于mash一词,全集已有解释,指情欲撩拨) And wiser to keep away From thinking you still might trace Uncalled-for to this day Your person, your place.

Coming

  On longer evenings, Light, chill and yellow, Bathes the serene Foreheads of houses. A thrush sings,(这里的thrush,或来自哈代“The Darkling Thrush”) Laurel-surrounded(阿译似有误,但却是颇有趣的理解) In the deep bare garden, Its fresh-peeled voice Astonishing the brickwork. It will be spring soon, It will be spring soon –(拉金朗读时二句音调完全一致,几可称呆板) And I, whose childhood Is a forgotten boredom, Feel like a child Who comes on a scene Of adult reconciling, And can understand nothing But the unusual laughter, And starts to be happy.(我偏向于认为此处为反话,开心的是隐喻中的孩子,而非“我”)

Reasons for Attendance

  The trumpet’s voice, loud and authoritative,(小号是诗的中心,“我”为其吸引而来,舞者依凭其节奏) Draws me a moment to the lighted glass To watch the dancers – all under twenty-five – Shifting intently, face to flushed face, Solemnly on the beat of happiness.(intently,solemnly,自有一种仪式感)

  – Or so I fancy, sensing the smoke and sweat,(此行可见“我”并非禁欲,他同样为其所吸引) The wonderful feel of girls. Why be out here? But then, why be in there? Sex, yes, but what Is sex? Surely, to think the lion’s share(lion也是男性生殖器的俚语) Of happiness is found by couples – sheer(sheer一词颇重,之后又有所缓和,可见心理)

  Inaccuracy, as far as I’m concerned. What calls me is that lifted, rough-tongued bell (Art, if you like) whose individual sound(用了括号,进一步缓和语气) Insists I too am individual.(此处individual的所有义项都可说通) It speaks; I hear; others may hear as well,

  ut not for me, nor I for them; and so With happiness. Therefore I stay outside, Believing this; and they maul to and fro, Believing that; and both are satisfied,(社群文化与私人审美对立?) If no one has misjudged himself. Or lied.(我偏向认为此处是“我”的自嘲,是为自己感到不安,而非隐隐然的讥讽。毕竟生活的完美与作品的完美不可兼容,而这有天才色彩的“individual”也有着幻觉的可能。)

Dry-Point (舒译铜版画可能更为合适,因为该诗原本为《性爱两幅肖像》中的一首,另一首题为《油画》,表现性爱的狂喜,该诗则为其否定,欲望在这首诗中表现的,是其干冷的实质。)

  Endlessly, time-honoured irritant, A bubble is restively forming at your tip. Burst it as fast as we can – It will grow again, until we begin dying.

  ilently it inflates, till we’re enclosed (阿译此句为“我们被包裹其中”,似较舒译准确) And forced to start the struggle to get out: Bestial, intent, real. The wet spark comes, the bright blown walls collapse, (此行及以下数行暗示性极强)

  ut what sad scapes we cannot turn from then: What ashen hills! what salted, shrunken lakes! How leaden the ring looks, Birmingham magic all discredited, (伯明翰珠宝,假货代表)

  And how remote that bare and sunscrubbed room, Intensely far, that padlocked cube of light We neither define nor prove, Where you, we dream, obtain no right of entry.(此处的you,是性欲本身,甚至是所有欲望,而这光的立方体,真是一种拉金式的无欲天堂)

Next, Please

  Always too eager for the future, we Pick up bad habits of expectancy. Something is always approaching; every day Till then we say,

  Watching from a bluff the tiny, clear, Sparkling armada of promises draw near. How slow they are! And how much time they waste, Refusing to make haste!

  Yet still they leave us holding wretched stalks Of disappointment, for, though nothing balks Each big approach, leaning with brasswork prinked, Each rope distinct, (舒译的处理似有误,我不认为船会把旗挂缆绳上,flagged该是修饰船本身)

  Flagged, and the figurehead with golden tits Arching our way, it never anchors; it’s No sooner present than it turns to past. Right to the last

  We think each one will heave to and unload All good into our lives, all we are owed For waiting so devoutly and so long. (阿译将devoutly译为尽心,或不及舒译虔诚) But we are wrong:

  Only one ship is seeking us, a black- Sailed unfamiliar, towing at her back A huge and birdless silence. In her wake (舒译有误,wake指船的尾迹) No waters breed or break.

Going

  There is an evening coming in Across the fields, one never seen before, That lights no lamps.

  ilken it seems at a distance, yet When it is drawn up over the knees and breast It brings no comfort.

  Where has the tree gone, that locked Earth to the sky? What is under my hands, That I cannot feel?

  What loads my hands down?(私以为,此处所言与下一首有关)

Wants

  eyond all this, the wish to be alone: However the sky grows dark with invitation-cards However we follow the printed directions of sex However the family is photographed under the flagstaff – Beyond all this, the wish to be alone.

  eneath it all, desire of oblivion runs: Despite the artful tensions of the calendar, (artful,一种文饰,日历本身的年月日也是人生造的划分)The life insurance, the tabled fertility rites, (此处所言仪式,或是在嘲弄婚礼,毕竟拉金一生未婚) The costly aversion of the eyes from death – Beneath it all, desire of oblivion runs.

Maiden Name(该诗与诗集开篇之作紧密相关,曾有研究者将此诗读作对语言哲学的嘲讽)

  Marrying left your maiden name disused. Its five light sounds no longer mean your face, Your voice, and all your variants of grace; For since you were so thankfully confused By law with someone else, you cannot be(婚姻带来的身份威胁) Semantically the same as that young beauty: It was of her that these two words were used.

  ow it’s a phrase applicable to no one, Lying just where you left it, scattered through Old lists, old programmes, a school prize or two, Packets of letters tied with tartan ribbon – Then is it scentless, weightless, strengthless, wholly Untruthful? Try whispering it slowly. No, it means you. Or, since you’re past and gone,(or看似转折,实为强化前句判断,我们可以看出闺名并未失去意义,反而于不再使用之后,为“我”带来了更多的‘陈旧的浪漫’意义)

  It means what we feel now about you then: How beautiful you were, and near, and young, So vivid, you might still be there among Those first few days, unfingermarked again. So your old name shelters our faithfulness, Instead of losing shape and meaning less With your depreciating luggage laden.

Born Yesterday

  for Sally Amis

  Tightly-folded bud, I have wished you something None of the others would: Not the usual stuff About being beautiful, Or running off a spring Of innocence and love – They will all wish you that, And should it prove possible, Well, you’re a lucky girl.

  ut if it shouldn’t, then May you be ordinary; Have, like other women, An average of talents: Not ugly, not good-looking, Nothing uncustomary To pull you off your balance, That, unworkable itself, Stops all the rest from working. In fact, may you be dull – If that is what a skilled, Vigilant, flexible, Unemphasised, enthralled Catching of happiness is called.(此四行颇难译,catching一词的动名词形式暗示一个终生持续的过程)

  (看似轻松幽默,实则苦涩,整首诗中获得幸福的代价,是要承受平凡)

Whatever Happened?

  At once whatever happened starts receding. Panting, and back on board, we line the rail With trousers ripped, light wallets, and lips bleeding.(全集中提及,拉金有意使措辞模糊,以使其可涉及暴力,也涉及性。我觉得甚至可以指代“海难”)

  Yes, gone, thank God! Remembering each detail We toss for half the night, but find next day All’s kodak-distant. Easily, then (though pale),(阿译为“话虽很苍白”,似更准确)

  ‘Perspective brings significance,’ we say,(此处阿译为:视角产生意义,舒译为:审视带来意义) Unhooding our photometers, and, snap! What can’t be printed can be thrown away.

  Later, it’s just a latitude: the map Points out how unavoidable it was: ‘Such coastal bedding always means mishap.’(阿译:临海铺位总会有灾,但这里的coastal bedding似乎可以解释为近海处的礁石,易引发船的“颠簸”)

  Curses? The dark? Struggling? Where’s the source Of these yarns now (except in nightmares, of course)?

No Road (阿译:此路不通,更接近标题之意,毕竟no road长出现在交通告示牌上)

  ince we agreed to let the road between us Fall to disuse, And bricked our gates up, planted trees to screen us, And turned all time’s eroding agents loose, Silence, and space, and strangers – our neglect Has not had much effect.

  Leaves drift unswept, perhaps; grass creeps unmown; No other change. So clear it stands, so little overgrown, Walking that way tonight would not seem strange, And still would be allowed. A little longer, And time will be the stronger,

  Drafting a world where no such road will run From you to me; To watch that world come up like a cold sun, Rewarding others, is my liberty. Not to prevent it is my will’s fulfilment. Willing it, my ailment.(此三行亦难译,舒译将willing解为渴望,似乎用词稍重,不若阿译:愿意如此,同样,阿译将ailment译为心痛,也似不及舒译的“烦忧”)

Wires(abba的韵式强化了一种禁锢感)

  The widest prairies have electric fences, For though old cattle know they must not stray Young steers are always scenting purer water Not here but anywhere. Beyond the wires

  Leads them to blunder up against the wires Whose muscle-shredding violence gives no quarter. Young steers become old cattle from that day, Electric limits to their widest senses.

Church Going(标题颇为含糊,自然第一眼会理解为“去教堂”,但也可以当成“去教会”,“去做礼拜”,甚至更极端些——教堂,离去)

  Once I am sure there’s nothing going on I step inside, letting the door thud shut. Another church: matting, seats, and stone, And little books; sprawlings of flowers, cut For Sunday, brownish now; some brass and stuff Up at the holy end; the small neat organ; And a tense, musty, unignorable silence, Brewed God knows how long. Hatless, I take off My cycle-clips in awkward reverence,(不知为何,阿译为“单车头盔”)

  Move forward, run my hand around the font. From where I stand, the roof looks almost new – Cleaned, or restored? Someone would know: I don’t. Mounting the lectern, I peruse a few Hectoring large-scale verses, and pronounce ‘Here endeth’ much more loudly than I’d meant. The echoes snigger briefly. Back at the door I sign the book, donate an Irish sixpence,(为何是爱尔兰便士,是否算嘲讽呢?) Reflect the place was not worth stopping for.

  Yet stop I did: in fact I often do, And always end much at a loss like this, Wondering what to look for; wondering, too, When churches fall completely out of use What we shall turn them into, if we shall keep A few cathedrals chronically on show, Their parchment, plate and pyx in locked cases, And let the rest rent-free to rain and sheep. Shall we avoid them as unlucky places?

  Or, after dark, will dubious women come To make their children touch a particular stone; Pick simples for a cancer; or on some Advised night see walking a dead one? Power of some sort or other will go on In games, in riddles, seemingly at random; But superstition, like belief, must die, And what remains when disbelief has gone? Grass, weedy pavement, brambles, buttress, sky,

  A shape less recognisable each week, A purpose more obscure. I wonder who Will be the last, the very last, to seek This place for what it was; one of the crew That tap and jot and know what rood-lofts were? Some ruin-bibber, randy for antique, Or Christmas-addict, counting on a whiff Of gown-and-bands and organ-pipes and myrrh? Or will he be my representative,

  ored, uninformed, knowing the ghostly silt Dispersed, yet tending to this cross of ground Through suburb scrub because it held unspilt So long and equably what since is found Only in separation – marriage, and birth,(此处稍有几分难解,或许暗示了教堂是唯一一个将出生,婚姻,和死亡连成一体的地点) And death, and thoughts of these – for which was built This special shell? For, though I’ve no idea What this accoutred frowsty barn is worth, It pleases me to stand in silence here;

  A serious house on serious earth it is, In whose blent air all our compulsions meet, Are recognised, and robed as destinies. And that much never can be obsolete, Since someone will forever be surprising A hunger in himself to be more serious, And gravitating with it to this ground, Which, he once heard, was proper to grow wise in, If only that so many dead lie round.(死者一如前文的闺名,自有其记忆的承载,且范围更广,而维护这样的过去,便是对一种文化价值的捍卫。)

Age

  My age fallen away like white swaddling Floats in the middle distance, becomes An inhabited cloud. I bend closer, discern A lighted tenement scuttling with voices.(此处之意熔铸在日后的“The Old Fools”中) O you tall game I tired myself with joining! Now I wade through you like knee-level weeds,

  And they attend me, dear translucent bergs: Silence and space. By now so much has flown From the nest here of my head that I needs must turn To know what prints I leave, whether of feet, Or spoor of pads, or a bird’s adept splay.

Myxomatosis (拉金喜欢兔子,一如贝杰曼爱他的泰德熊)

  Caught in the centre of a soundless field While hot inexplicable hours go by What trap is this? Where were its teeth concealed? You seem to ask. I make a sharp reply, Then clean my stick. I’m glad I can’t explain Just in what jaws you were to suppurate: You may have thought things would come right again If you could only keep quite still and wait.

Toads(问:你怎么想到把工作转化为癞蛤蟆这个意象的?答:纯属天才!)

  Why should I let the toad work Squat on my life? Can’t I use my wit as a pitchfork And drive the brute off?(brute也有暴君之意)

  ix days of the week it soils With its sickening poison – Just for paying a few bills! That’s out of proportion.

  Lots of folk live on their wits: Lecturers, lispers, Losels, loblolly-men, louts – They don’t end as paupers;

  Lots of folk live up lanes With fires in a bucket, Eat windfalls and tinned sardines – They seem to like it.

  Their nippers have got bare feet, Their unspeakable wives Are skinny as whippets – and yet No one actually starves.

  Ah, were I courageous enough To shout Stuff your pension! But I know, all too well, that’s the stuff That dreams are made on:

  For something sufficiently toad-like Squats in me, too; Its hunkers are heavy as hard luck, And cold as snow,(此处我们可以体会到拉金俚语和风雅间的迅速转换)

  And will never allow me to blarney My way to getting The fame and the girl and the money All at one sitting.

  I don’t say, one bodies the other One’s spiritual truth; But I do say it’s hard to lose either, When you have both.

Poetry of Departures (紧连上一首)

  ometimes you hear, fifth-hand, As epitaph: He chucked up everything And just cleared off, And always the voice will sound Certain you approve This audacious, purifying, Elemental move. (阿译有误,舒译准确,此处的elemental形容人身上有一种大自然般的力量)

  And they are right, I think. We all hate home And having to be there: I detest my room, (舒译显然粗心了,阿译“讨厌”则力度有限,毕竟detest力度比hate更强) Its specially-chosen junk, The good books, the good bed, And my life, in perfect order: So to hear it said

  He walked out on the whole crowd Leaves me flushed and stirred, Like Then she undid her dress Or Take that you bastard; Surely I can, if he did? And that helps me stay Sober and industrious. But I’d go today,

  Yes, swagger the nut-strewn roads, Crouch in the fo’c’sle Stubbly with goodness, if (stubbly阿译为“满脸胡茬”,似较舒译合适) It weren’t so artificial, Such a deliberate step backwards To create an object: Books; china; a life Reprehensibly perfect.

Triple Time(阿译:三重时间,舒译:三拍子,拉金原文当同时具有这两层意思)

  This empty street, this sky to blandness scoured, This air, a little indistinct with autumn Like a reflection, constitute the present –(“现在”自身的不存在,因它只是过去或未来的倒影) A time traditionally soured, A time unrecommended by event.

  ut equally they make up something else: This is the future furthest childhood saw Between long houses, under travelling skies, Heard in contending bells – An air lambent with adult enterprise,(译为“成年的企图”当优于“大人们的野心”)

  And on another day will be the past, A valley cropped by fat neglected chances That we insensately forbore to fleece. On this we blame our last Threadbare perspectives, seasonal decrease.

  (阿译:陈旧的观念,舒译:凋敝的景色,似以舒译为优)

Spring

  Green-shadowed people sit, or walk in rings, Their children finger the awakened grass, Calmly a cloud stands, calmly a bird sings, And, flashing like a dangled looking-glass, Sun lights the balls that bounce, the dogs that bark, The branch-arrested mist of leaf, and me, Threading my pursed-up way across the park, An indigestible sterility.

  ring, of all seasons most gratuitous, Is fold of untaught flower, is race of water, Is earth’s most multiple, excited daughter;

  And those she has least use for see her best, Their paths grown craven and circuitous, Their visions mountain-clear, their needs immodest.

Deceptions

‘Of course I was drugged, and so heavily I did not regain my consciousness till the next morning. I was horrified to discover that I had been ruined, and for some days I was inconsolable, and cried like a child to be killed or sent back to my aunt.’ Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor

  Even so distant, I can taste the grief, Bitter and sharp with stalks, he made you gulp. The sun’s occasional print, the brisk brief Worry of wheels along the street outside Where bridal London bows the other way, And light, unanswerable and tall and wide, Forbids the scar to heal, and drives Shame out of hiding. All the unhurried day Your mind lay open like a drawer of knives.

  lums, years, have buried you. I would not dare Console you if I could. What can be said, Except that suffering is exact, but where Desire takes charge, readings will grow erratic? For you would hardly care That you were less deceived, out on that bed, Than he was, stumbling up the breathless stair To burst into fulfilment’s desolate attic.

  (该诗因这最后数行备受争议,显然舒译有误,尾二行的主语不是受害者“你”而是男性施暴者,拉金于此处似将同情心划分了一部分给那恶棍,因为他是受骗更多的那个,在拉金看来,行动者比受苦之人受骗更多,因为他们的行动为那虚假的欲望驱动,相反,痛苦则是不会骗人的,故受害者也即受骗较少者。)

I Remember, I Remember

  Coming up England by a different line For once, early in the cold new year, We stopped, and, watching men with number-plates(全集已有阐明,number-plates是车牌) Sprint down the platform to familiar gates, ‘Why, Coventry!’ I exclaimed. ‘I was born here.’

  I leant far out, and squinnied for a sign That this was still the town that had been ‘mine’ So long, but found I wasn’t even clear Which side was which. From where those cycle-crates Were standing, had we annually departed

  For all those family hols? … A whistle went: Things moved. I sat back, staring at my boots. ‘Was that,’ my friend smiled, ‘where you “have your roots”?’ No, only where my childhood was unspent, I wanted to retort, just where I started:

  y now I’ve got the whole place clearly charted. Our garden, first: where I did not invent Blinding theologies of flowers and fruits, And wasn’t spoken to by an old hat. And here we have that splendid family

  I never ran to when I got depressed, The boys all biceps and the girls all chest, Their comic Ford, their farm where I could be ‘Really myself’. I’ll show you, come to that, The bracken where I never trembling sat,

  Determined to go through with it; where she Lay back, and ‘all became a burning mist’. And, in those offices, my doggerel Was not set up in blunt ten-point, nor read By a distinguished cousin of the mayor,

  Who didn’t call and tell my father There Before us, had we the gift to see ahead – ‘You look as if you wished the place in Hell,’ My friend said, ‘judging from your face.’ ‘Oh well, I suppose it’s not the place’s fault,’ I said. ‘Nothing, like something, happens anywhere.’

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