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《塞尔玛》经典影评10篇

2018-07-22 02:27:01 来源:文章吧 阅读:载入中…

《塞尔玛》经典影评10篇

  《塞尔玛》是一部由艾娃·德约列执导,大卫·奥伊罗 / 卡门·艾乔戈 / 蒂姆·罗斯主演的一部剧情 / 传记 / 历史类型电影,特精心网络整理的一些观众影评希望大家能有帮助

  《塞尔玛》影评(一):大历史观,多谈一些时势,少谈一些英雄

  人类社会的历史潮流就是链接团结全世界普通人,不论肤色民族性别。通过交通工具通信工具,互联网,让人类通过团结成为宇宙中最有力生命体。

  几千年下来,倡导大爱的宗教是最有力的方式

  长期以来,在记传体的创作容易掉入一个陷阱。在英雄上画一个圈,然后比赛在这个圈里艺术创作看谁描绘得更戏剧性,谁探讨得更深刻。 就像今年两部经典式的优秀电影,the theory of everything 和 the imitation game. 于是往往由于诸多限制,只能在一个无比好的题材面前,止步于冰山一角

  都说 时势造英雄, 我们是不是可以少谈一些 英雄? 电影《 Selma》 塞尔玛 就是一个这样的电影。电影的设计就是在马丁路德金的 周围画圈圈,他经历新闻他的朋友,他的战友他的妻子,他的敌人,他的时代,他的宗教,偶尔点到马丁路德金本人。

  当星星点点的描绘马丁路德金本人时,不是谈及他与众不同童年经历,或任何像神一样精神品质。而是一个普通人的虔诚,虔诚,虔诚。

  倡导大爱的宗教思想支撑着 马丁路德金。与其说是马丁路德金领导黑人运动。不如说后面有一只看不见的大手,在推动着美国社会种族之间的融合信任,令美国社会更加公平强大。人类创造的宗教思想,他所处的美国社会,通过他一个很小的点,去实现了历史潮流,社会的更优化。

  当电影花相对大的篇幅表现马丁周围的人如何鼓励他时,当去描述大量的白人也加入到游行当中时,

  马丁路德金 不见了。 马丁路德金是谁仿佛已经不再重要。 但同时一个关于 马丁路德金 的极其优秀,极其深刻的电影诞生了。

  时间久了,我们常常有这种感觉。不管我是多么的奇葩,我不过是朋友中的我,文化中的我,时代中的我。 与其讨论我,最深刻的自我反省是谈我们,分析我们,思考我们。

  再奇特的英雄,没有时势,终成笑话。再普通的人,顺着时势,也可成就一番事业

  多谈一些时势,少谈一些英雄。 希望电影Selma《塞尔玛》 艺术上的创新能给支持香港占中运动的朋友留下一些思考。

  《塞尔玛》影评(二):这是部反抗题材的电影,远比种族歧视可怕的是歧视

  我怎么看上这部影片的呢,纯是因为我在翻奥斯卡获奖影片,就给翻到了。我记得在获奖的时候,还有一部黑人影片得了奖,那就是《为奴十二年》。影片中,金博士为了让黑人获得选举权,付出了非常非常大的代价,影片中,白人对手无寸铁的黑人施以暴力(甚至开枪击毙),对黑人不公正裁决,甚至放任白人杀黑人(这些到现在还是个问题,并没有完全解决)。那么先说说影片中的吧,影片中白人歧视甚至仇恨黑人的原因是什么呢?仅仅是文化水平低吗?

  这段历史追溯起来也非常有年头了,当初白人就是侵略了美国大陆,才获取了主导权,同时奴役了黑人(黑人为奴这段时间并不短),那么黑人真的就犯了什么错吗?我的答案是黑人并没有犯任何错。白人始终自由的,也是白人掌权的,而这期间,究竟矛盾源头在哪呢?白人侵略美国大陆之时,烧了印第安人的村落,屠杀印第安人,强奸印第安人,甚至奴役印第安人。那么又得说如今为什么黑人能获得这些权力了。黑人一直都在反抗,反抗很重要的,这不关文化更不关什么扯淡意识形态,就是因为黑人不管付出多么大的代价都在反抗,并且勇于改变自己,才得以融入美国社会的。那么好,那么黑人就不歧视了吗?事实上,黑人歧视墨西哥人也对亚洲人带有偏见。而这些偏见的源头,并不是因为有什么杀父之仇,而是因为那些所被歧视的行为,恰恰是那些本不守规则的人而带来的,而守规矩的源头就来源教育实际上黑人当初上学都是个问题,因为白人执政不允许黑人学生上课(恶性循环下来,暴力越来越严重,偏见也会越来越严重,最后就会转化为暴力)。

  那么我终于能说到歧视这个问题了,这个问题对我而言,一点都不陌生,因为我自己就被歧视,仅仅是因为我的想法与众不同,仅仅是因为我长的没那么好看,仅仅是因为我宁可遭到蔑视,也不愿熄灭心里反抗的怒火。那么好,就我自己听到的很多言论,会说,这些都是你的问题的啊,因为你和别人不一样,那么我要反问一句,你就和别人一样吗?你就是别人吗?你就能做别人?难道另一个人人生能复制粘贴下来给你吗?想必很多人会说不能,但是忽略了一个很重要的问题,真的是我的错吗?我的答案是,并不是。这只是你与我认识到的地方深度不同而已,而你的偏见,你的极端,来自于外界,并没有多少是来自于你自己的。我今年20了,这个社会真的浮躁功利,搞的好像每个人都钻进了钱眼一样。而浮躁体现在什么方面呢?现在还有多少人能在不曲解或者控制对方情况表达自己的观点呢?又有多少人执着于争吵,攀比而不是思考吗?又有多少人说着环境决定命运却忽略了做为人这个本身呢?这些东西说到最后,会变成暴力,而暴力的理由非常非常荒谬,因为不想看见,不想听见,不想为自己做出任何努力,却竭尽全力希望别人跟自己的懦弱。看似有点跑题,其实这些东西都是歧视,而所谓的不歧视,最重要的是尊重,你尊重我,我尊重你,我不能控制你的一切,你也不能控制我的一切。接下来说点悲伤的,歧视真的能完全消除吗?我的答案是不会,这东西会带一辈子,只有极少数人会真正的改变自己的看法(而改变看法,最重要的是去了解,而不是盲目抨击)。

  接下来继续说我的肺腑之言,尽管影片中的人改变了美国法律中国就能那么改变吗?我的答案依旧是否定。中国是人情社会,并且人们惧怕权力渴望统治权力,我并不觉得会有多少人像我一样会说这些东西,我甚至都不指望有多少人愿意听我说话,我所能做到的只能是我的一些思考,仅此而已!

  《塞尔玛》影评(三):美国梦的背后

  所有向往“美国梦”的人,恐怕看了这部电影要失望了,因为这部电影明确的告诉你:美国梦,不是对于所有人都是平等的。明白这个道理当然并不意味着什么,它的深刻之处在于,这种不平等所带的对于种族和肤色的歧视和杀戮是多么的惨无人道蛮不讲理,我想请你们记住,这是发生在一个标榜自由和平等的国家,这是一件发生在1965年的新近故事,这是一个看似完结,其实永无终点历程

  故事的开篇不是讲马丁路德金的斗争历程,这个时候的金已经在林肯纪念堂前发表了那篇震撼人心演讲,他的人权运动也取得巨大成功为此,在电影开篇,他就获得了诺贝尔和平奖,之后,他受到总统接见,在总统看来,金的事业已经差不多了,所以,不要让他从越战上再度分心,金听出了总统的深意,他想断然拒绝,却欲言又止,在他的心里,行动远比言语重要,他要回到黑人当中,忘记那些荣耀,再度的和那些黑人同胞一起,走向下一个胜利

  他将目标选在投票权上,地点是塞尔玛。

  这座城市是美国黑人问题最严重的阿拉巴马州的一座小城,在这里,他遇到了故事的反派——乔治华莱士,这个人是种族主义者坚定支持者,我觉得如果有可能,他的人生同样是一个精彩的电影故事,但在这部电影中,他只是个固执成见者,一个凶狠刽子手

  于是,双方开始爆发矛盾,在电影中,矛盾有三个:

  第一个矛盾,白人与黑人的矛盾,这个矛盾最终激化的结果是,一个黑人被白人警察无故打死,在这件事上,总统约翰逊保持了沉默,显然,它激怒了那些并未加入民权运动的黑人,并在一定程度上引起了白人种族的同情

  第二个矛盾,美国情报利用收集到的情报恶意攻击马丁路德金,破坏领袖形象,在电影中,这主要涉及金的家庭矛盾,他的妻子坚定地支持金的事业,但却饱受各种恐吓与威胁,她想确信金是否还爱她,对于这份事业是否还坚定不移他们的爱情在最终经受住了考验

  第三个矛盾,白人同情者遭到了塞尔玛当地警察的围殴,结果,致其死亡,在这里,多多少少涉及到了一点3K党的故事,但是电影并没有展开,这也是美国历史最为黑暗的一部分,也正是由于这位白人同情者的死亡,巨大的民愤在美国被激起,于是,约翰逊终于不能沉默,不能保持其中立立场(其实暗地里反对民权运动),站出来,承若会兑现黑人的投票权,马丁路德金终于达成了自己的胜利。

  在影片最后,黑人从塞尔玛走向蒙哥马利的游行震撼人心,这是一场多么来之不易的胜利,在蒙哥马利的议会大厦,马丁路德金发表了一场震撼人心的演讲,我不知道这已经是第几次说“震撼人心的演讲”这个词了,但毫无疑问,这场压轴的演讲是精彩无比的,它让我们从压抑悲观解脱出来,呼吸到了自由和胜利的气息

  影片在此戛然而止结束干净利落是的作为传记片,它所传达的作用已经达到,但是,作为历史呢?也就是在故事的三年后,即1968年4月,马丁·路德·金在前往孟菲斯市,领导工人罢工后,被人刺杀,那一年他年仅39岁,领导美国民权运动12载!

  《塞尔玛》影评(四):The political lessons behind Selma

  The political lessons behind Selma

  All right, this is not going to be a review of Selma, not even a synopsis, as what 99% so called review in douban actually are. It touches on the hidden lessons of Selma. But don't expect I will talk about the obvious black-white conflict or current issues in Ferguson, Missouri.

  哈好吧,这不是一篇属于Selma的影评,连读后感都不是。我说它是属于Selma的政治课,但是,它其实连黑人问题的毛都没动。

  The shadowy political lessons Selma convolutes into the sub-consciousness of its viewer. They cast lights onto the current political issues, hence below the scenarios if we solve current issues with Selma wisdom: Be cautious that the content below may contain spoiler.

  警告,以下内容脑洞大开。

  1. Palestinian Israeli conflict

  What do you think would be the best way to solve Palestinian Israeli problem and bring peace into Gaza? Pressure onto Benjamin Netanyahu and his Israeli government to sign the peaceful treaty to acknowledge the two states solution, right? But the question is, how.. All right, don't tell me Mr. Netanyahu and Mr. Abbas are going to the ICC (International Criminal Court) for a reconciliation. Hamas and Palestinians are losing their golden opportunity when they fought back with terrorism against Israel. What can Palestinians do with a couple of human bombs when faced with the missiles and drones from Israel….

  ee what Martin Luther King was doing - inciting public anger against by provoking the opponents to act violently. George Wallace was a born fool to react against the Selma march with violent and tear gas. The televised violent scenes went viral, whites joined and the astonished and enraged public pushed President Lyndon Johnson to pass the bill to congress.

  The hotly discussed occupying central movement in Hongkong was another lively case. Killings with tanks as in 1989 did not occur, much to the western media’s disappointment. So the event went on calmly. True there are featured coverages for those curiosities from western world to find fulfilment. But as enthusiasm from both the outside and inside died, occupiers retreated.

  o I would say, good luck Palestine in the ICC……

  以上摘要,巴勒斯坦和Hamas是傻X,几个人肉炸弹斗得过以色列无人机和导弹么。学习人家MJK怎么激起群众 愤怒的,先挑起对方动手,打不还手,然后靠舆论压力迫使总统讨论选举法案。 这种时候,谁先动手谁就输了。占中神马的大家多乖,西媒预期的坦克都没有。。好桑心的样子,头条又没了,也只能三版了(哦我说的真的不是太阳报)。

  2. The strength of non-violence and Charlie Hebdo

  As we have already touched on this subject, non-violence is key strategy to win over public support. So in the issue of Charlie Hebdo, the most sensible ways for islamic fundamentalists are probably – fight back, with another mockery on the mockery of disrespectful western infidel. However, the western rule is not played by the terrorists, for whom the offenders of blasphemy should face death.

  对这个问题,有个神回答说,恐怖分子你肿么玩不起,人家骂你你干嘛打人,还把人打死了。套用上边的范式,恐怖分子,这场舆论战,你先动手的,你输了。恐怖分子可不是这个逻辑。亵渎神灵就该死,不然你以为我恐怖分子是浪得虚名啊。坏孩子逻辑知道吗,谁让你上课笑我做不出题,下课就要挨揍。

  3. Two faces of terrorism and double standard

  Who doesn't have two faces of evil and divine? Who doesn't use double standard whenever personal feelings are involved?

  uch is the fact that ISIS has its modified Islamic law. Blasphemy is rewarded with beheading. Therefore the calmness and gentile of the Paris criminals were so shocking and disturbing. There are countless works depicting the complexity of human nature and thus sides of criminals and police. So there might one day the other face of terrorists.

  uch is the fact that the western governments have double standards on ethnic issues ranging from overreaction out of political correctness in criminal investigation of Dieudonné over his speech defending terrorists (which is obviously against free speech) to old fashioned discrimination in the dark Ferguson nights.

  Religious laws are seemingly in conflict with the democratic and humanitarian western systems. But what in deep rift is, as the most tragedy in the film, irreconcilable collision between various edges of human complexity.

  以上提要:

  恐怖分子也能有血有肉,“正义人士”亦会两面三刀。

  价值准则没有谁对谁错,人性惨淡才是悲剧根源。

  4. States of failed public scrutiny

  There are states with failed public scrutiny where the above public pressure doesn't exist anymore. Tight control on media freedom encourages social injustice and state terror of massacre of its own citizens. Tragedies stage unchecked in countries like Myanmar, Syria and Egypt to name a few.

  Ironically, when the suppressed do fight back, few sympathy would be felt by the victim this time…. Just like the Kunming massacre was coldly received in the international community. When no one can judge with confidence the nature of such a murder, it is the victim to be blame for inviting such a violence.

  Indeed, I am actually wondering why the terrorists attack did not occur in India, China or Russia where the Muslim population are miserably treated? Is it because these countries are too uninteresting to be attacked and cause public chaos, or is it because the control of religion is so tight that normal teachings are ruled out, let alone fundamentalism ideas? Therefore European is becoming the warm bed of extremists..

  o should anyone wish to stay distant from the public, either stay strong and independent, or get ready to swallow the bitter part. For anyone wishing to stay in the community, a backfire might be ready.

  5. Executive power and failed democracy

  It’s fairly strange that I am putting the cliche of failed democracy as the last lesson. It is simply because it is least relevant. Lyndon Johnson might have wanted to sign the bill already, but he could not persuade his congress to pass it. Poor mister president cannot force the passage of any state command unless he has the executive power. So Obama is hungry for executive power at such a low support rate from the congress. From the much failed Obamacare to the quarrel on Middle East action. Obama is distinctly a loser. But who isn’t? I don't believe David Cameron or Angela Merkel is having a sweeter time with their parliaments. The poignant love is cursed and, politicians in such democracy are doomed to fail themselves from the first day of their inauguration because they are just one against many.

  o what is the best antidote? Martin Luther King has taught you: make the public support for dear mister president. Chinese should be praised as they are unravelled masters of this dark art of gaming theory (水) and expectation management (军). If there is one leading third sector industry that Chinese can export with uncontested advantage, it is not the culture of charismatic and meritocratic autocracy, it is the manipulation of mass expectation. World’s leader matching on the Paris street, you will win your war against terror if you hire our 水军. It (魔) is (高) a (一) war (尺) of mentality and morality (道), you (高) know (一) it (仗).

  上面正是:

  白宫一入深似海,黑奥空哀内阁远。

  唐宁十号丫鬟乱,小卡莫妈讳莫深。

  天下事,管我毛,洗洗睡觉是王道。

  莫问博士研究啥,多请吃饭感情牢。

  《塞尔玛》影评(五):塞尔玛

  看完这部描写美国民权斗士马丁·路德·金的历史传记电影《塞尔玛》,真的佩服那个时代的那批为了平等权利而奋斗的人们,他们是真正的勇士,是斗士。那种对自由和平等的向往,对强权和压迫的抗争,对歧视和偏见的反抗,以及争取自由平等路上所遭遇的那些恐吓,暴力,欺诈,争执。这所有的一切他们都以非暴力的游行,演讲,静坐的方式来实现和应对,并最终取得了胜利,然而却不是彻底和完整的胜利,时至今日,电影中的那种歧视,不平等,厌恶和偏见仍然存在,那么这场塞尔玛游行就还远没有到结束的时候。。。

  就电影本身来说,是一部非常细致认真的作品,很多小角色的演绎十分精彩,并不下于主角,电影的情绪表达很煽情,配上那动人的音乐,留下眼泪的人肯定不止我一个吧。影片中对于那些演讲,游行的场面制作的比较到位,很震撼,很感动,而对于MLJ生活中的那些琐碎小事和情感纠葛描写的也很细致,这不是一个高大上的MLJ,而是一个真实的,有血有肉的MLJ。总的来讲,这是一部非常不错的电影,感兴趣的可以去看看。。

  《塞尔玛》影评(六):塞尔玛

  F37:《塞尔玛》~导演:艾瓦.德约烈~从色调到化妆,电影一开始,你有点分不清,这部,应该是什么时期拍摄的电影,当配乐出来,你才抓到,只有现在的电影,音乐本身的录音以及与电影的贴合,才可以做得这样细腻,明显,导演是想让观众去掉时间的距离,回原到美国的60年代,体会黑人人权运动的艰辛与不懈~马丁.路德.金,这位诺贝尔和平奖得主,在黑人人权运动中,时刻用着生命来努力,用生命来争取,以最大的能来追求人权所应有的平等与权力...~昨天刚看完日本编剧桥本忍的那本书《我与黑泽明》,今天电影,有了从未有过的体会,电影分成了段,段的由来以及形成,每一位的表情和台词,段与段的连接、推进,血与肉慢慢的丰满,支撑起一部感人的电影~音乐和电影,在这部里面,音乐也承担着重要的角色,它直接跟那个时代连接了起来,我想,美国人应该更有体会。似乎听到了鲍勃.迪伦的歌声,可能不是,类似,60年代初期,他也曾经为有色人群呼喊助威,他们的那个年代,年轻人需要分辨、可以分辨,有不同的选择,试想那个年代中国的情况,一代人被混绕意志、转变意志,消弱意志,最后磨灭意志,那隔空的一代文化,成了永远无法弥补的空缺与遗憾...~说回音乐,影片里面黑人的音乐,你细细聆听,每一个字,都来自灵魂的申诉与渴求,代入电影,是电影的另一种语言。有我经常听的贝拉方提卡耐基上的一首歌,这位歌手,也是黑人人权运动的积极者,虽然他们受着久远以来的不公平,但黑人音乐里面,着自由的韵律,音乐是平等的,人权,也应该是平等的~这部影片,配乐里面,我最不喜欢的,是那次游行过后,一位年轻黑人被枪杀,然后路德金去安慰这位80多岁的爷爷那个桥段,沉痛氛围里,钢琴中低的声音在那里连贯着,那个声音,这时候,过于的华丽,如果轻微的以点状方式配合对话出现,轻轻浮点,只要延续一点悲意与坚强,就足够了~最好的配乐,我也觉得,路德金在听她老婆放的电话录音那个桥段,只有对话,在静默中展现两人的无奈,深深地抓住你,完全空白的背景音,没有配乐,只有对白,有时候,少一点,比多一点更可贵,沉默,也是一种声音~导演艾瓦.德约烈,黑人女导演,她身上有我熟悉的影子,但是,我确实没有看过她的片子,非常不错,非常棒的导演!

  《塞尔玛》影评(七):《塞尔玛》是主旋律电影?

  《塞尔玛》真的是一部“主旋律电影”吗?

  在中国大陆的语境里,“主旋律电影”暗示该电影或多或少地有官方参与投资、制作和发行,又或者暗示该电影顺从甚至直接宣扬官方的意识形态。据我所知,美国政府并没有在前者有明显的行为,所以我将对后者的进行简单讨论。

  诚然,马丁·路德·金早已成为美国官方历史中的一个正面形象,甚至还有一个以他命名的公众假期;毫无疑问,他是家喻户晓的“非暴力抗争”德谟克拉西斗士。问题是,很多人听到更多是“非暴力”的一面,而有意无意地忽略“抗争”;于是,当人们把金理解成一位宣扬和平的好人时似乎忘记了一点:“非暴力”是抗争的手段。为何轻视“抗争”的一面?当大家通过电影知道他抗争的对象是谁的时候,便应该清楚为何有人希望淡化“抗争”了。

  稍有常识的人都知道,金并不是唯一一位非裔民权社运家;对历史有过思考的人也应该都知道,当官方不得不把这些非裔社运家写进历史的时候会作怎样的选择。

  举另一个更有名的例子。金在1963年的华盛顿游行中讲到他做了的一个梦,但正史甚少提及的是,他在同一篇演说中还提到黑人这次游行到华盛顿是来兑现一张支票的,一张关于“生存权、自由权和追求幸福权”的支票,但美国政府一直都“没有足够的经费”来兑现。于是,当我们把这篇演说放在心灵鸡汤栏目时,是否应该思考如下问题:如果我们把该文章的题目改成“没有足够的经费”,那它是否还有同等的意义?我们为何会被引导去“梦”这一块而不是“经费”这一块?官方历史会希望你去记住哪一部分?

  我们应当如何看待非裔的斗争历史?我经常会看到一种很有问题的表述:非裔能争取到权利是因为他们受到宪法保护。这样的表述在我看来是本末倒置。我们应该问:美国有宪法和修正案,为何非裔还需要作流血牺牲来争权?假设宪法和修正案真有根本解决问题的效力,那种族问题早应该在十九世纪七十年代就得到解决了;那时国会一连串地通过十三、十四和十五修正案,分别废除奴隶制、保障公民受到法律的同等保护以及不能因肤色而剥夺一名男性的投票权。正如历史所示,问题并没有得到解决。首先修正案存在很多漏洞让人钻空子,比如在投票方面,不同州可以在投票处设立各种表面上不打种族主义旗号的限制(如《塞尔玛》开始所示);其次,也是更显而易见的一个问题:法律通过了就能消除人心中的种族歧视吗(试想一下曾经被你瞧不起的商品突然和你有一样的权利)?

  另一方面,自奴隶制废除后,种族问题显得越发复杂。奴隶们被解放了,但他们没有经济基础(在佃农和城市化中继续被剥削)或政治基础(限制投票和参选的手段多的是,于是非裔难被选上,就算被选上,他/她有多大程度不受白人政治影响?)。于是在平权运动的发展过程中,人们越发认识到种族与经济和政治息息相关;歧视并不止表现在奴隶主打奴隶上,还表现在政策、就业和住房分配等的各个方面;这些复杂的关系使得种族歧视者能够打着其他的旗号(如貌似客观的统计数据)、通过貌似不分肤色的机构手段来实现(如“管理高犯罪率或低收入的社群”),并能轻易否认“种族主义者”的身份;另一方面,政府在让社区增权益能、受教育和就业等方面则是敷衍了事,官僚体制更让其效果大打折扣甚至起反作用,同时还紧抓着个别成功的例子宣称美国已进入“后种族时代”。在这样复杂的局面下要再谈论种族问题,进步社团只能冒着被贴“种族主义者”的标签来大喊“黑人生命很重要”了,又或者像费格森示威者那样通过简单直接的方法来凸显种族和经济之间的关系,又或者在主流政治内艰难地反对着投票者身份证法案(又一限制投票的手段,Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_ID_laws_in_the_United_States )。当种族涉及到美国的政治和经济基础问题时,“黑”与“白”便不仅仅是肤色区别了。

  上述的大多数内容在美国主流文化输出中可能甚少被提及,于是我们只看到被“净化”过的马丁·路德·金在步出塞尔玛时的伟岸身影,并觉得那一刻正是所谓“美国德谟克拉西优越性”的重要体现,而难以察觉该逻辑的荒谬,更别提其背后的复杂历史和社会背景了。

  可惜的是,《塞尔玛》也正是美国主流文化输出的一个商品。它有着大片厂的投资和发行,制作精良,内容上走着好莱坞文艺片简单的煽情和二元对立,虽尝试表现金的人格弱点以及联邦政府的暧昧态度,但中规中矩的戏剧套路让其丧失了批判力度和联系古今的机会,成为又一部“通过诉说历史让历史成为过去”的电影。当然,在好莱坞越来越保守的今天,让一部主流叙事片去直接质疑和批判其国家的政治和经济基础并煽动普通民众走上街头未免要求过高,毕竟它要保证不引起争端,从而顺利制作、发行和提名小金人。从这方面看,如果美国的终极意识形态是资本主义的话,那《塞尔玛》还真算是一部“主旋律电影”。

  (写于“塞尔玛血腥星期天”五十周年)

  注:本文无意就马丁·路德·金本人或其1963年华盛顿游行的演说(还有所有其他演说)作任何结论或猜测,更没有试图贬低其演说中的任何信息。

  附1:

  The selection of facts from the past involves an interpretation, a sense of priorities, a sense of values as to what matters. History can be a very strong weapon for people who wish to construct a certain movement in a certain direction. - Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.

  附2:

  And we are not wrong; we are not wrong in what we are doing. (Well) If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. (Yes sir) [applause] If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong. (Yes) [applause] If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong. (That's right) [applause] If we are wrong, Jesus of Nazareth was merely a utopian dreamer that never came down to Earth. (Yes) [applause] If we are wrong, justice is a lie (Yes), love has no meaning. [applause] And we are determined here in Montgomery to work and fight until justice runs down like water (Yes), [applause] and righteousness like a mighty stream. (12/05/1955)

  You have a dual citizenry. You live both in time and eternity; both in heaven and earth. Therefore, your ultimate allegiance is not to the government, not to the state, not to nation, not to any man-made institution. The Christian owes his ultimate allegiance to God, and if any earthly institution conflicts with God's will it is your Christian duty to take a stand against it. You must never allow the transitory evanescent demands of man-made institutions to take precedence over the eternal demands of the Almighty God. (11/04/1956)

  First, there is need for strong, aggressive leadership from the federal government. So far, only the judicial branch of the government has evinced this quality of leadership. If the executive and legislative branches of the government were as concerned about the protection of our citizenship rights as the federal courts have been, then the transition from a segregated to an integrated society would be infinitely smoother. But we so often look to Washington in vain for this concern. In the midst of the tragic breakdown of law and order, the executive branch of the government is all too silent and apathetic. In the midst of the desperate need for civil rights legislation, the legislative branch of the government is all too stagnant and hypocritical. (05/17/1957)

  Democracy is the greatest form of government to my mind that man has ever conceived, but the weakness is that we have never touched it. Isn’t it true that we have often taken necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes? Isn’t it true that we have often in our democracy trampled over individuals and races with the iron feet of oppression? Isn’t it true that through our Western powers we have perpetuated colonialism and imperialism? And all of these things must be taken under consideration as we look at Russia. We must face the fact that the rhythmic beat of the deep rumblings of discontent from Asia and Africa is at bottom a revolt against the imperialism and colonialism perpetuated by Western civilization all these many years. The success of communism in the world today is due to the failure of democracy to live up to the noble ideals and principles inherent in its system. (11/17/1957)

  You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern. Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court's decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may well ask: "How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?" The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "an unjust law is no law at all." (04/16/1963)

  It is a sad fact that because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the Western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch antirevolutionaries. This has driven many to feel that only Marxism has a revolutionary spirit. Therefore, communism is a judgment against our failure to make democracy real and follow through on the revolutions that we initiated. Our only hope today lies in our ability to recapture the revolutionary spirit and go out into a sometimes hostile world declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism, and militarism. With this powerful commitment we shall boldly challenge the status quo and unjust mores, and thereby speed the day when "every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low, and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain." (04/04/1967)

  When the Constitution was written, a strange formula to determine taxes and representation declared that the Negro was sixty percent of a person. Today another curious formula seems to declare he is fifty percent of a person. Of the good things in life, the Negro has approximately one half those of whites. Of the bad things of life, he has twice those of whites. Thus, half of all Negroes live in substandard housing. And Negroes have half the income of whites. When we turn to the negative experiences of life, the Negro has a double share: There are twice as many unemployed; the rate of infant mortality among Negroes is double that of whites; and there are twice as many Negroes dying in Vietnam as whites in proportion to their size in the population. (08/16/1967)

  In 1863 the Negro was told that he was free as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation being signed by Abraham Lincoln. But he was not given any land to make that freedom meaningful. It was something like keeping a person in prison for a number of years and suddenly discovering that that person is not guilty of the crime for which he was convicted. And you just go up to him and say, "Now you are free," but you don’t give him any bus fare to get to town. You don’t give him any money to get some clothes to put on his back or to get on his feet again in life. Every court of jurisprudence would rise up against this, and yet this is the very thing that our nation did to the black man. It simply said, "You’re free," and it left him there penniless, illiterate, not knowing what to do. And the irony of it all is that at the same time the nation failed to do anything for the black man, though an act of Congress was giving away millions of acres of land in the West and the Midwest. Which meant that it was willing to undergird its white peasants from Europe with an economic floor. (03/31/1968)

  当然,还有我最喜欢的一句:Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (04/16/1963)

  关于华盛顿游行的另一个观点:

  It’s just like when you’ve got some coffee that’s too black, which means it’s too strong. What you do? You integrate it with cream; you make it weak. If you pour too much cream in, you won’t even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it’ll put you to sleep. This is what they (民权领袖们) did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn’t integrate it; they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. They ceased to be angry. They ceased to be hot. They ceased to be uncompromising. Why, it even ceased to be a march. It became a picnic, a circus. Nothing but a circus, with clowns and all. You had one right here in Detroit — I saw it on television — with clowns leading it, white clowns and black clowns. I know you don’t like what I’m saying, but I’m going to tell you anyway. ’Cause I can prove what I’m saying. If you think I’m telling you wrong, you bring me Martin Luther King and A. Philip Randolph and James Farmer and those other three, and see if they’ll deny it over a microphone.

  o, it was a sellout. It was a takeover. When James Baldwin came in from Paris, they wouldn’t let him talk, ’cause they couldn’t make him go by the script. Burt Lancaster read the speech that Baldwin was supposed to make; they wouldn’t let Baldwin get up there, ’cause they know Baldwin’s liable to say anything. They controlled it so tight — they told those Negroes what time to hit town, how to come, where to stop, what signs to carry, what song to sing, what speech they could make, and what speech they couldn’t make; and then told them to get out town by sundown. And everyone of those Toms (汤姆叔叔)was out of town by sundown. Now I know you don’t like my saying this. But I can back it up. It was a circus, a performance that beat anything Hollywood could ever do, the performance of the year. Reuther and those other three devils should get a Academy Award for the best actors ’cause they acted like they really loved Negroes and fooled a whole lot of Negroes. And the six Negro leaders should get an award too, for the best supporting cast. (Malcolm X on March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, 11/10/1963. Malcolm X的思想在人生最后一年发生重大变化,故决不能就上述摘录而归纳其对民权运动的看法,就像不能用金的一篇演说来总结金一样)

  再次强调:本文无意就马丁·路德·金本人或其1963年华盛顿游行的演说(还有所有其他演说)作任何结论或猜测,更没有试图贬低其演说中的任何信息。

  《塞尔玛》影评(八):塞尔玛游行的反思

  看完《塞尔玛游行》,至今仍在感动中。

  虽然身在大洋的彼岸,也没有亲身的体验过种族歧视的感觉。但是我有感受到地域的歧视。由于家乡太过于贫穷,我们很多人被迫离家到其他地方寻一口饭。我们的抱团取暖,有时可能会让人误解,也有一部分的人素质不够高,受教育程度比较低,名声在时间的流逝中慢慢的败坏。我们不敢表明自己的籍贯,怕一说,别人就一脸的了然,然后说:哦,听说你们那里人怎样怎样。可我身边没有这样的人,他们辛勤劳动,他们不偷不抢,他们和蔼可亲,我不想让他们蒙受这样的莫须有的骂名,所以我一般难以启齿我来自于哪里。可是在美国,黑人面对的不仅仅是这些简单简单的不痛不痒的骂名,而是他们被剥夺的选举权,他们被禁止的言论自由,甚至于他们没有作为人的尊严与平等生存的权利和宝贵的生命。黑人在公交要让座与白人,没有选举的权利,他们被随意的殴打,枪杀,法律形同于虚设,宪法上的自由平等被种族的歧视所践踏。我不禁的愕然,这是在20世纪世界最强大,制度最民主的美国吗!

  对于马丁路德金,我找不到一个贴切的词来去赞颂他的伟大。无惧威胁,无惧辱骂,无惧殴打,一直坚持着民主斗士形象。他的演讲,入木三分,慷慨激昂,极具力量,给人信心。佩服他,一直很理性的让游行的人们不要以暴力来面对暴力。这得具备多大的勇气。我记忆犹新他初到塞尔玛,被一白人重重打了一拳,却没有反击,以身做到他的主张;吉米的死,让他痛苦万分,动摇了他的初心,他要的是选举权,不想为了游行牺牲了谁;白人牧师应征到塞尔玛,却惨遭不幸让他愤怒万分,打电话总统,请求早点通过法案,希望吉米家属也能得到总统同样的问候;在约翰的劝说,关心自己的生命安全,他说;他躲不了,所有人都躲不了,他时刻怀着慷慨就义的心。感谢影片还原了一个鲜活的马丁路德金,有血有肉。他的伟岸,望尘莫及,他的理念,永垂不朽!

  最后便是影片中浓浓的宗教虔诚。宗教的信仰,让疲惫不堪的马丁路德金得到力量,走出困惑,坚持走下去;宗教的信仰,让许许多多的白人,不远万里,奔赴塞尔玛,参加游行,为黑人声张正义,争取平等;宗教的信仰让无数的黑人们,在绝望中,依然乐观面对,不畏前路的坎坷崎岖,当下痛失至亲的痛苦。他们选择主,他们坚信主,主一定不忍心他们收到不平等对待,光明必将降临!我羡慕美国民众的公民意识。记得马丁神父在波斯顿犹太人屠杀纪念碑上书:

  当他们来抓共产主义者的时候,我没有站出来反对,我想我反正不是共产主义者。

  当他们来抓犹太人的时候,我没有站出来反对,我想我反正不是犹太人。

  当他们来抓工会组织者的时候,我没有站出来反对,我想我反正不是工会的人。

  当他们来抓天主教徒的时候,我没有站出来反对,我想我反正不是天主教徒。

  后来,当他们来抓我的时候,已经没有人能站出来为我说话了。

  我倾向于自由党派站出来的原由不止于这个考虑以后有为他说话的人。更重要的是他们的宗教信仰。在美国,宗教氛围很浓,绝大多数人都有自己的信仰,并恪守它,用它来指引自己的生活。也可以说,他们信仰的教条是他们共同的契约。这契约中有,自由,平等,民主!他们的宗教信仰力量在一定程度上,可视同于法律。我想,我们的国民公民意识远没有美国强,在于我们没有这样的契约信仰。我们没有信仰敬畏我们的法律,所以有那么多的贪污腐败,徇私枉法。我们把我们的敬畏交给了虚无缥缈没有即时效力的神明,祈求用道德的约束,自觉遵守秩序。可我们都知道,在一个没有强制力社会,这些是远远不够的。我的理想社会是一个法制高度发达的社会,人民守法,敬法,护法!法律虽然是死板的,但却是不可歪解的,公平的,我宁愿在高度法制的牢笼接受审判,也不愿在讲人情冷暖的舒适床上苟活。

  写到这,发现自己写的不是影评,而是自己对影片的所感之处,不喜请拉过。

  《塞尔玛》影评(九):Dr.King

  1、Dr.King:在行动顺利的时候,我们的对手犯了错,帮到了我们。

  2、Dr.King:用担架把人抬到警车里,白天抓人,晚上放人,no drama.

  年轻人:You mean there was no cameras.你是说没有照相机。

  3、Dr.King:你们俩想长期致力于这个社区,提高黑人的自觉性,这是很好的草根工作。It's a grassroots work.

  但是我们要做的,是谈判(讲条件),示威,反抗。这个当中很大一部分,就是提高白人的自觉性。尤其是那些坐在总统府里的白人们。

  能让他停止无视的唯一办法,就是每天早上登上全国新闻报纸的头条,每晚出现在电视新闻里。That requires drama.

  4、Dr.King:他们就是要毁掉我以毁掉整个运动。

  挚友:看看天上的飞鸟,他们不种也不收,也不积蓄在仓里,你们的天父尚且养活它们,doth feed them,你们不比飞鸟贵重的多吗?你们哪一个能用思虑使寿命增加一刻呢?And who of you by being worried can add a single hour to his life?

  5、黑人太太:告诉你我心中坚信的真理吧。在我感觉不确定时,它能帮助我。我知道我们是伟大族裔的后人,是他们赋予世界文明,他们在奴隶船上存活下来,飘过茫茫大海,他们富有创造力,富有爱心,尽管遭到无法想象的镇压和折磨,这些都流淌在我们的血液里,每一秒都在激励我们的心跳。

  6、Dr.King:God was the first to cry.

  7、外公:He said,"Pa,you gonna vote before you done."

  8、Dr.King:Our lives are not fully lived if we're not willing to die for those we love and for what we believe.

  9、Dr.King:We will win what you were slaughtered for.你为什么而死,我们就要赢回什么。

  10、Dr.King:who have gone too soon,taken by hate!太早离开,被仇恨所害。

  11、Tactics,my firends!注意战略,朋友!我们必须把现有的制度打碎成具体的战术,这样才好瓦解它。

  12、John:If they want to march,then I'm marching with them.

  13、律师:I ani't talking what's right by God.I'm talking facts,cold hard facts! 冰冷残酷的事实。你杀他们2个,他们杀我们10个。不,我们必须用其他方式取胜。

  14、眼镜白人:I heard about the attack of innocent people who just want their rights.And I couldn't just stand by when Dr.King put out the call to clergy.I..I couln't.

  15、James:那才不是陷阱。你知道他们为什么给我们让路吗?因为那些值得敬重的,善良的白人们和我们站在一起,我们应该好好利用的。We should've capitalized on that.因为他们可不会在那里呆太久,从来都没有!

  Dr.King:(鸡眼瞪他)

  16、Dr.King:我宁愿人们是不高兴了去讨厌我,而不是流血牺牲。

  17、眼镜白人:是啊,但有时候事情不是这么简单,有时候是出于本能。sometimes it's not that clear-cut,sometimes it's instinctual.

  好比你在传道,就像你在飞,那个时候,人没有知觉,没有记忆,你心里想的是更高境界的东西,是真理。You're tapped into what's higher,what's true.

  我想今天在桥上,Dr.King就有这种感觉。他跪下向上帝祈祷,然后得到了答案。并有足够的勇气跟着那个答案做。我个人是不怪他的。

  18、总统:你觉得你是在玩杂耍吗?我也一样。

  Dr.King:我是来自亚特兰大的牧师,你是这世界上最强大国家的总统,四个月前的选举,你的优势是最大的。但你也同样一天天在瓦解自己之前的成就。with each passing day.

  没人会记得民权法案,但他们会记得在塞尔玛的对峙,你甚至根本没去阿拉巴马州。他们只会记得你说“等一等”和“我做不到”。

  除非你有所行动。unless you act,sir.

  19、John:你说我们一定会取胜。

  你说我们一定会取胜,因为不会有其他结果。

  你还说,fear not.

  我们走了这么远,已无法回头。

  20、总统:我们甚至都不该想1965,而应该想想1985,到时候我们都死了。到了1985,人们记得我们的只有“等一等”"我做不到"“这个太难”。

  乔治州长:I dont right care what they think.And you shouldn't neither.

  总统:Well..I'll be damned if I'm gonna let history put me in the same place as the likes of you.我要跟你一样我就完蛋了。

  21、总统:今晚我要说的是人的尊严和民主的命运。有时候,历史和命运会在同一时间同一地点交汇。

  很少见到,一件事就能道破美国内心最深的秘密.

  从来都没有什么黑人问题,没有南部问题,只有美国国家的问题.

  22、Dr.King:只要他们面前有光明,it's worth it to me.

  《塞尔玛》影评(十):一个法案引发的较量

  [塞尔玛]独居匠心的截取了马丁·路德·金1965年的人生片段。塞尔玛不仅是美国南方阿拉巴马州一个小镇的名字,更是种族主义矛盾日益激化的缩影。影片开头,导演营造了一种紧张的气氛,以强调种族主义作为美国社会的毒瘤,其中暗藏的隐患已经到了不可忽视的地步。第一组画面是马丁在镜子前整理仪容,接着和妻子讨论领带位置、诺贝尔和平奖奖金的用途。这貌似轻松的氛围不久即被打破,画面随之切到第16街的浸礼会教堂,下楼梯的小女孩与同伴讨论发型。突然响起一声爆炸,火光染红银幕,美好的事物转瞬间灰飞烟灭。暴力就潜藏于平静的生活中,种族主义则是随时可能引发暴力的导火索。虽然马丁刚刚前往瑞典领取了诺贝尔奖,但是他的使命远未完成,而他的下一站正是塞尔玛。

  斯派克·李曾经拍过讲述美国黑人民权领袖马尔科姆·X的传记片[黑潮](Malcolm X),简单明了的用马尔科姆的名字作为片名。导演艾娃·德约列原本也可以用马丁的名字作为片名,但她却选择了塞尔玛这样一个地名。这就涉及到本片的创作理念,它无意将马丁·路德·金的形象神化,而是将他还原成一个喜怒哀乐与大众相同的人。在埃德蒙德·佩图斯桥游行的前一晚,马丁为了照顾情绪失控的妻子——从威胁人身安全到为马丁制造桃色绯闻的电话不断地骚扰她,而留在家中;马丁带着民众第二次踏上佩图斯桥,这次他只是默默地祈祷,然后转身回去。影片还为观众展示了运动中的众生像,为马丁带来温暖和勇气的妻子科雷塔·斯科特·金、为投上一票不屈不挠的安妮·李·库珀、傲慢的阿拉巴马州州长乔治·华莱士、好战的治安官吉姆·克拉克、令人毛骨悚然的胡佛。其实在保罗·韦伯最初编写的剧本里,总统林顿·B·约翰逊才是主角,马丁反倒成了次要人物。还好导演艾娃·德约列在重新改写的剧本中将马丁变为主角,才使得这幅显零散的群像图(影片中提到的真实历史人物就有将近30个)有了一个真正的灵魂人物。

  马丁倡导的是和平示威,与之对应的则是政府的暴力镇压。大桥上的那场镇压戏无论是视觉还是声效,都有一种庄严肃穆的感觉,与其他几场暴力戏给观众的感觉完全不同。这次游行对《民权法案》的通过有着决定性作用,因而成为导演着力表现的一场戏。大桥上弥漫着催泪瓦斯,耳边响起马蹄踏过的声音,随着警棍的挥舞,不断有人中招倒下。镜头在一边奔跑一边哀嚎的抗议者和电视机前收看新闻的民众间不断转换,展示一张张愤怒不屈的面孔。抗议者吉米·李·杰克逊的祖父被杀那场戏同样震撼人心。杰克逊和祖父参加夜晚的游行,遭到警察的暴力镇压。他们匆忙躲进拐角的咖啡馆,佯装成早已到来的顾客。尾随而至的警察殴打了祖父,然后射杀了杰克逊,手持镜头营造了不安与恐惧,随后杰克逊中枪倒下的慢镜头也让这幕充满暴力的悲剧变得更为悲壮。

  [塞尔玛]作为颁奖季的热门电影,在第87届奥斯卡金像奖只获得最佳影片和最佳原创歌曲提名,被一些评论家看好的导演与男主提名都落了空,由此引发争议,学院受到种族歧视的指责。作为传记片,电影本身也引发争议,比如为了增加电影的戏剧性,约翰逊总统被塑造成马丁的死敌。有人甚至认为塞尔玛游行的功劳应该归功于约翰逊,由此也就不奇怪保罗·韦伯为何在最初的剧本里把约翰逊作为主角。传记片为了艺术牺牲史实总归是难免的,导演德约列面对各方争议,也不得不辩解“这不是纪录片”。

  [塞尔玛]碍于政治正确的缘故,只能称得上是一部中规中矩的传记片,主旋律题材令导演和演员的发挥余地有限。相比而言,影片的姿态或许比影片的内容更为可取。一个法案的颁布不是靠几次抗议示威就能奏效的,[塞尔玛]用一种客观的态度展现了《投票权法案》颁布背后政治大佬们的较量,这些才是最终的决定性因素。它带给人的情感不是那种煽情到令人泪下的感动,如同斯皮尔伯格的[林肯]侧重于废奴法案的通过过程中各方政治势力的较量,[塞尔玛]告诉观众民主的来之不易。虽然马丁是主角,但看完电影后,浮现在观众脑海中的可能只是他那几场充满激情的精彩演讲,而人民才是影片真正的主角。结尾,导演没有展现群众塞尔玛游行的过程,而是通过真实的影像资料让历史和观众有了更亲切的接触,那些黑白画面展现的真实力量是虚构的影像无法弥补的。伴随着英国歌手Fink演唱的Yesterday Was Hard on All of Us,为影片来了个完美收官。该片在去年上映时,正值弗格森枪杀黑人少年引发的骚乱爆发,现实告诉观众昨日的艰难依然延续至今,古今对照让[塞尔玛]的影像更增添了一份力量。

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