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达洛维夫人读后感10篇

2018-07-10 04:19:02 来源:文章吧 阅读:载入中…

达洛维夫人读后感10篇

  《达洛维夫人》是一本由[英]弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫著作,陕西师范大学出版的精装图书,本书定价:26.00元,页数:224,特精心网络整理的一些读者读后感希望大家能有帮助

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(一):遗憾永无止境

  就像印象画作光影流动时间在伍尔夫的笔下缓缓成流,它无心地流过一个又一个的人物,开启无限的上帝视觉,就像色彩凭借日光树叶剪影遍洒在《煎饼磨坊的舞会》上的人群之中,构筑旁观者奇特体验;有时它又如《日出》般借助艺术家的技法给所见披上朦胧面纱,在哀伤神秘里揭露我们对周遭环境敏感又快速遗忘本性——太多的匆匆一瞥使事物最终以一种虚幻无所谓形象停留。 然而人总与命运假装和解,其中的芥蒂总不免在某个时刻刺穿我们的伪装,揭露那些在理激情现实生活之间永不可调和的矛盾挣扎永恒话题可能性存在的么——尤其在那些动人心弦、必须做出选择的时刻,在那“感觉世界在想你逼近”的时刻——生活是否会呈现另外一番景象回归到一种孩童单纯快乐,一种不再怀念可能性的人生状态?可生活就像彗星,有他固有的惯性,注定要驱使人们做出后悔终生的选择,与梦想星际擦肩而过,愈驶愈远。但生活中他们一直都在负隅顽抗,时刻保持躬身的姿态准备一场与可能性之间的永恒战争,唯有殊死搏斗,唯有否定别样的色彩,因为在战场硝烟里,他们感知到了余下生命里活着的意义。 生活还在延续,在慵懒和谐身影背后,是遗憾的永无止境。“她像一层薄雾,铺展在她最熟悉的人们之间,他们像她看到的树木托起薄雾一般用自己的枝丫将她托起,但她的生活、她自己,伸展得是这样遥远”。聊以慰藉的是文字,读者以每个人特有的方式享受着,在精神世界里升腾起一片薄雾,在瑰丽而另类文学迷宫里萦绕得是那样遥远。 在那些独特神奇比喻情景联想,细腻的人物关系表达以及意识流技法带来的非凡的时空体验所交织的文本里,伍尔夫讲述了一个关于缅怀的伤感故事,它提醒我们要勇敢,勇敢地追求内心真正向往美好

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(二):The rise of the ‘new woman’ in Mrs Dalloway

  The history of modernity has profoundly changed the balance of gender in worldwide area. The feminist movement around the world aimed at equal rights for women. When people research the development of modernity, it is not difficult to conclude that the pursuit of women right was sprouted by urban culture specially. The term "New Woman" was created by writer Sarah Grand in her article "The New Aspect of the Woman Question" in 1984, and further popularized by Henry James, which describe the growth in the number of feminist, educated, independent career women. In Marxist theory, the base determines the superstructure, which suggests the rise of the ‘new woman’ was influenced by the material changes of society deeply. After the Second Industrial Revolution, the advancements in manufacturing and technology enabled the widespread adoption of preexisting technological systems, also changed the urban lifestyle of women, which had earlier been concentrated to a few cities such as London, New York, Chicago and Berlin. This essay will take London as a typical example to illustrate the innovation of urban female in both physical and conscious forms. As The New Woman rebelled vitally against personal circumstances, the most effective way of portraying them was in novels, especially was on full display throughout the novels written by intelligent female authors. In 1920s to 1930s, Virginia Woolf was a major literary figure. She broke the classical pattern of both narrative writing and portrait mode; assert an individual and influential literary style. In Virginia Woolf’s remarkable novel Mrs. Dalloway, She combined the cityscape of London to the movements of characters, described the free style of the New Woman ideologically. By avoiding using traditional plot pattern; she focuses more on the daily life of ordinary women, displayed the notions of ‘equal rights’ and ‘free love’ of urban female.

  In the development of human history, males were supposed to be worth more than another gender in a long period. One of the basic reasons is men took the major part of productivity labour. Women were not able to afford their life living caused the unequal positions essentially. In this case, World War I gave the female a chance to ‘share’ the portion of jobs. Not only served as nurses in the military, British women also worked in munitions factories even took white-collar jobs. Gillian Sutherland researched the development of women white-collar workers, and believed the real social divide was existed between those who in earning daily wages and those who did not . While more and more women were able to get payment by their own, it was natural to increase the unsatisfied consciousness in the unequal social condition. The empowerment of women right was progressively determined by legislations. In regard to the women’s civil rights in relation of marriage, The Married Women’s Property Act of 1882 was the first comprehensive piece of legislation to give property rights to married women; further more in 1891, another Act was passed which denied men ‘conjugal rights’ to their wives’ body without their wives’ consent. Deeper and wider in social influence, British women were allowed to vote in parliamentary elections in 1918. Since the protection of female rights grows, the equal consciousness of British women became stronger. As Virginia Woolf’s sentence, turned the British woman into ‘a voter, a wage-earner, and a responsible citizen’ . She further indicated the importance of economic independence of women in another essay A Room of One’s Own: ‘A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction’. Focused on the progress, Sally Ledger points out that ‘satisfied with some success in the field of women’s legal and political equality, some bourgeois feminists showed themselves rather indifferent to socialism and economic issue as the new century progressed. ’ However, social change of family gender division was not complete in British urban society. In Mrs. Dalloway, except Miss Kilman, the governess of Clarissa’s daughter, there is no obvious clue shows those ladies (Clarissa, Sally, Lady Bradshaw etc.) have any payment besides their husbands’ wages. The equal relationship of families that in novel Mrs. Dalloway remains incomplete and unstable, merely a beautiful assumption of the author. Although Woolf aimed to portrait Sally as a new individual woman who on behalf of freedom, her life was back to marry a normal gentleman and becomes a normal wife without independent work at the end.

  With the legal protection development, British women harvested more right in choosing love and friendship. The progress is not only concern about marriage and family, but also broader treatments of human relationship. Although regarded as an anti- marriage feminist, Mona Caired also wrote an article ‘Marriage’ which sustained a belief in male/female partnerships and spokes of ‘free’ marriage rather than of no marriage at all. She provided a vital argument that marriage should be private agreement rather than bourgeois contract . Women got the right to choose whether to be married, whom to be married with, which is a significant success for grabbing the right to control their life. Virginia Woolf spent lots of words to explain the reason why Clarissa chose Richard Dalloway to marry with instead of Peter Walsh:

  ‘For in marriage a little license, a little independence there must be between people living together day in day out in the same house; which Richard gave her, and she gave him. (Where was he this morning, for instance? Some committee, she never asked what.) But with Peter everything had to be shared; everything gone into.’ (Mrs. Dalloway, p. 8)

  Clarissa, as a ‘half’ new woman, has her theory to choose a partner in her marriage, rather than a lover. It is clear that the way she measured is not depend on the property; she focuses more on whether she feels comfortable in the relationship. The modernity of her marriage is she has already transformed the material need to emotional need, even more she positioned her emotion as the vital factor.

  In terms of another contemporary romantic relationship "Boston marriage", which as a term is referred to have been in use in New England in the decades spanning the late 19th and early 20th centuries to describe two women living together, independent of financial support from a man. It was another form of relationship apart from traditional marriage and friendship. Women who chose to have a payable career created a new class of women who were not dependent upon men. Educated women with careers who wanted to live with other women were allowed a measure of social acceptance and freedom to arrange their own lives. The similar friendship happened in Virginia Woolf’s life. After Virginia Woolf met writer Vita Sackville-West in the early 1920s, the two women began an affair that lasted for a number of years. Although lots of experts argue the homosexual tendency of their relationship, there is no doubt Virginia Woolf tried to pursuit more possibility about human relationship between women rather than simply satisfying the love affair to men. In Mrs. Dalloway, the obvious mark is the friendship between protagonist Clarissa and her close friend Sally. When Clarissa firstly thinking about Sally, the word she mentions is ‘love’, but not ‘friendship’:

  ut this question of love (she thought, putting her coat away), this falling in love with women. Take Sally Seton; her relation in the old days with Sally Seton, Had not that, after all, been love? … The strange thing, on looking back, was the purity, the integrity, of her feeling for Sally. It was not like one’s feeling for a man. It was completely disinterested, and besides, it had a quality which could only exist between women, between women just grown up. It was protective, on her side; sprang from a sense of being in league together, a presentiment of something that was bound to part them (they spoke of marriage away as a catastrophe) (Mrs. Dalloway, p. 37).

  In terms of Virginia Woolf, this sort of love relationship between Clarissa and Sally is even different from the love affair between Clarissa and Peter. The layer of female love is higher. Every time Peter appears in the memory of Sally, he obviously becomes background. Once Peter interrupted them, young Clarissa screamed inside ‘ “Oh this horror!” she said to herself, as if she had known all along that something would interrupt, would embitter her moment of happiness. ’ In Clarissa’s narrative description, Sally is on behalf of a perfect model of New Women. Within their relationship, Sally is also a perfect lover. They exchanged thoughts of literature, shared values, involved in social and cultural causes. The mode of Clarissa and Sally is not individual, such women’s relationship exist in London urban society in a long period. They were generally self-sufficient in their own lives. Gillian Sutherland considered that more generally, despite social influence about rethinking marriage and other human relationships, such boundaries appeared remarkably resilient . As for portraying the figure of Sally, I suppose her goal is what she called the ‘androgynous mind’ that is both masculine and feminine, so free from sexual boundary. There are obvious male colour when describing Sally’s appearance and actions that Sally was everything Clarissa wasn’t; she was poor, Bohemian, open-minded, rebellious, and free-spirited.

  As one of the most influential writer in 1920s to 1930s, Virginia Woolf was carefully constructing her plots without depicting sexuality. Writers such as James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence fully used sexuality to express the humanity and urban desire. Compare to those writers, Virginia Woolf concerns more in human emotions. Patricia Stubbs pointed out in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway; all the women in the novels are ‘socially and emotionally creative in a style which links them with an essentially “female” notion of consciousness.’ The emphasis of Mrs. Dalloway is on how protagonist percepts, rather than how the story goes. Sexual affair in this case is useless to push the story goes. Even the story itself is no longer an important form in Virginia Woolf’s writing. Patricia Stubbs closely analyzed the contemporary London social conditions, gives two reasons about why female sexuality does not popular among feminist writers like Virginia Woolf. The first one he provided was the confusion among women themselves about the question of sexuality. For instance, feminist writers found it difficult to break the anti-sex dominate feminist stereotypes. Secondly, women novelists experience difficulty in writing about sex. These first reasons might be appropriate to other contemporary feminist writers but not Virginia Woolf, for there is no evidence shows her ambition in British feminist group. However, this reason opposites the principle that Virginia Woolf holds: when she comes to write, a woman must forget her oppression. In her essay A Room of One’s Own, she claims: ‘It is fatal for a woman to lay the least stress on any grievances; to plead even which justice any cause; in any way to speak consciously as a woman … for anything written which that conscious bias is doomed to death ’. So it would be more reasonable to agree with the second reason for considering Virginia Woolf as a more individual and specific writer combining her personal experience and literary intention. She suffered from uncomfortable sexual memory in her childhood, her resistance to sex in her marriage was influenced by the sexual abuse to which she and her sister Vanessa were subjected by their half-brothers George. For Virginia Woolf, ‘telling the truth about my own experience as a body’ was impossible. Not only avoiding the sexuality in Mrs. Dalloway, the novel even ended before midnight to avoid sexual possibilities. However, relate to the literary intension of this novel, it is useless to insert sexuality in many cases. The vital focus is on the emotional life, and that the protagonists find their great satisfaction through their emotional relationships. In this case, there is no need to consider the lack of sexuality as a deficiency in Mrs. Dalloway. Patricia Stubbs further indicated in Woolf’s works, fictional relationships have become more intense and more physical. Consider the emotional relationship is still presented as the most initial part of her life, ‘ and is usually the only part which is given any prominence at all. ’ It is remarkable that the life of females and males seems separate from each other. Virginia Woolf uses males as background to depict the environment of urban London, portraits of females as the soul of the city.

  It is notable that in Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf rejected to portray the protagonist by classical description of their appearance. On the contrary, she portrays London as an essential figure by countless, detailed descriptions combined movement by figures:

  ut she’s extraordinarily attractive, he thought, as, walking across Trafalgar Square in the direction of the Haymarket, came a young woman who, as she passed Gordon’s statue, seemed, Peter Walsh thought (susceptible as he was), to shed veil after veil, until she became the very woman he had always had in mind; young, but stately; merry, but discreet; black, but enchanting. (Mrs. Dalloway, p. 57)

  It is natural to relate this paragraph to Baudelaire’s famous modernism poem ‘A une passante’. In Peter’s perception, here the passante has moved on from Baudelairean singularity. The young woman passed by resembles the figure of the cityscape of London. She ‘was young, but stately; merry, but discreet; black, but enchanting’. It is the impression of London according to Peter Walsh. On the other hand, this young woman also on behalf of the young Clarissa or young Sally, who is the perfect model of the New Woman, since both Clarissa and Sally have become somebodies’ normal wives. By referring to detailed descriptions of every specific London landmarks. Readers are leaded to pick various puzzles of urban life in 1920s. This is the contrast with the, blurry images of the protagonists and sharpen images of London cityscape, which created a sort of infinite effect of modern London cityscape.

  Generally, Mrs. Dalloway ‘records’ a life in a day of protagonists. It is obvious that the writer attempts to break the traditional indifference to women’s everyday experience. Every protagonist firstly appears in the novel by her (his) own, along; then people meet, talk, think, and return to her (his) own. The idea of ‘individual’ is essential in Mrs. Dalloway. Instead of grouping people together and creating unique plots and dialogues, Virginia Woolf locked them in a private subjective perception, which rarely allows them to share point of views. One of the most significant characters of urban architecture is privacy that enables the city to lock citizens in to a f perception. For instance, London pedestrians wonder first at a mysterious car, which people imagine holding a royal passenger. Then shift their collective attention to the skywriting plane overhead, as it produces an advertisement reading “A C E L,” “KEY,” “GLAXO,” or, most likely, “KREEMO.” These different spellings of individuals mirror the individual perceptions of reality as well. This novel does not reveal which spelling it the correct one, which blurs the boundary of subjective perception and reality. For the women in Mrs. Dalloway, the emotional world is sacred and inviolable. Take Clarissa as an example. She restricts the boundaries of her private world. She lives with her husband and her daughter and among her friends; she is a wife, mother, and hostess, but she is never completely relaxed and open with anyone,neither her spiritual lover Peter nor Sally. Compare the ‘outsider’ notion, which universal in many modernist writers; Virginia Woolf created the sense of ‘insider’ that focused more on human emotions. The private world and inner experience of protagonists is enabling to readers, but remains invisible to other characters. This narrative style references the Shakespearean monologue, treats readers as audience in the theatre, pushed a unique fictional tendency.

  There is an obvious distinct class element in Mrs. Dalloway. Property is a vital issue to distinguish classes. Woolf satirizes the upper classes by making Sally the most progressive character in the novel. She reads forbidden texts and has modern ideas. "The ideas were Sally's, of course-- but very soon she was just as excited-- read Plato in bed before breakfast". This shows Sally is progressive, and influences Clarissa to think similarly. However, the attitude of Clarissa to another innovate character Mrs. Kilman is completely different. An example of the disdain for the lower classes is Clarissa’s hate of Miss Kilman. Miss Kilman on behalf of the working class in London. She gets payment by her own labour, but was described as “degradingly poor”. Clarissa thinks of her as “heavy, ugly, commonplace” and even envies Miss Kilman’s relationship with Elizabth. This shows further disdain for the lower classes. Besides Miss Kilman, another character who Clarissa expresses intense dislike is Ellie Henderson. As Clarissa’s cousin, Ellie Henderson is described as “very poor”. Clarissa resists having to invite her to the party. When Ellie comes to the party with “cheap pink flowers” and hardly knows anyone there, Clarissa shows her disdains to Ellie’s lower-class presence. Reference Sally Seton’s saying, "Clarissa was hard on people", Clarissa’s judgments based on class too harshly. Both of the snobbish and parochial in Clarissa’s characteristic convey the limitation of the modernity of London. The boundaries between classes are still strict and tenacious.

  As a historical category, modernity refers to a period marked by industrialization, urbanization, individualism; rejection of tradition; freedom and formal equality. This essay took London as a specific urban cultural centre to discuss the rise of the ‘new woman’ accompanied the growth of modern cities. Mrs. Dalloway is a novel written by Virginia Woolf, which conveys subjective details of a day in the life of several London citizens. As one of the most significant feminist writer in 1920s, Virginia Woolf breaks the traditional narrative mode; highlight the emotional perceptions of women’s daily life. Mrs. Dalloway draws a detailed map of London city. Cityscape plays an important role in this novel. Further more, the pursuit of “free love” and “new friendship” type of The New Women is another significant issue of modernity in terms of the gender revolution. However, by discussing the distinct class element, this essay also pointed out the incompletion and limitation of urban feminism of London in 1920s.

  ibliography:

  Gail Cunningham, The New Woman and the Victorian Novel (London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1978)

  Gillian Sutherland, In Search of the New Woman: Middle-Class Women and Work in Britain 1870-1914)

  atricia Stubbs, Women and Fiction: Feminism and the Novel 1880-1920, (Great Britain: The Harvester Press Limited, 1979)

  Rachel Bowlby, ‘Walking, Women, and Writing: Woolf as flâneuse’ in New Feminist Discourses, ed. Isobel Armstrong (London: Routledge, 1992)

  ally Ledger, The New Woman: Fiction and Feminism at the Fin De Siècle (Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press, 1997)

  Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway (England: Penguin Books, 2000)

  Virginia Woolf, ‘Women and Fiction’, in Collected Essays, ed. Leonard Woolf, Vol.2 (London, 1966)

  Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own (London, 1929)

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(三):尤为独特的一天,亦或是普通的不能更普通的一天

  这本书描写了一位贵妇人一天的日常生活,达洛维夫人在某一天准备了聚会招待朋友,于是形形色色准备赴宴的身影便开始行动起来了,通过一个个的客来客往,作者把贵妇人的家庭以及与她有交集的点点滴滴,形形色色的人透过她的视角展示出来,于是乎各个阶级的人物形象乃至他们背后代表的阶级观念、意识形态和社会的文化教育等等都逐步显露了出来。非常喜欢这种只关注一天的写作方法,用一天来穷尽一生,更有一种当下便是永恒的感觉。

  另一个比较喜欢的地方是作者对于人物性格的刻画,这个不用多说,伍尔芙作为一个意识流作家非常擅长描写人物的内心活动,并且也知道如何利用这种活动来间接反应这个人物的性格以及代表的阶级的意识形态。

  达洛维夫人是一位本性善良的富家女,顺应当时上流社会对妇女的价值观念,没有具备太多的学识,是一位等着嫁做人妇的姑娘,年轻的时候也曾喜欢上了一位富有冒险精神的青年人,但最终还是选择回归安排好的、更加符合家族利益的另一位有钱男人,婚后也是和社会风气一样,没有太多的爱情激情,却也安稳度日,好在丈夫还算体贴,虽然不太懂得爱情,也会时时想到讨她的喜欢,并且满足她的日常用度。达洛维夫人因为年少时那次恋爱经验,对于年轻人的世界倒也足够包容,对于女儿伊丽莎白爱意充足而管束不多,基本上也算是理想的母亲了,这个人物作者对于她还是深情而宽容的,对于她的批判性并不多,基本还是基于一个对于那个时代女性无法自主择偶、不得不依附丈夫的同情。书里的几个配角尤为成功,作者用笔勾勒出了一个个极其生动的形象。比如陪伴伊丽莎白小姐的家庭女教师,就极其形象生动,她是一个德国人,因为二战中不肯说德国的坏话而受人敌视,逐渐演变成排挤和驱逐,无处安身失去了一切,在寻找了所有的出路无门后,不得不一边在达洛维夫人家里蜗居下来,一边把所有的精神寄托转向了上帝的身上,但其实她又何曾真的信仰,太多是因为对社会不公的怨怼以及无处宣泄后的下策罢了,加上本身长得并不美,更加郁郁寡欢受尽人情冷暖,她所能做的事情很遗憾几乎没有,所以她才宛如偏执一般的想要给伊丽莎白灌输一种摆脱目前富贵但没意义的生活转而信仰上帝关心人间疾苦的价值观念,然后讽刺的是,连她自己都不能相信这一切,她一边在内心里极力贬低达洛维夫人,认为她是庸俗而伪善的,即便她曾好心的收留了她给了她一份职业,自我安慰式告诉自己不屑于过这种表面浮华但却一片空白的生活,但事实上却也充满了羡慕之情,小到穿的高级衣服和精美糕点,大到特权,比如受神父的待见等等,现实处处都似乎与她过不去,于是乎她也发出了感慨,为什么同样在上帝的面前,穷人还是会如此的痛苦呢,其实她心里知道,在现世所设的上帝招待所里,照样是有钱人的天下。她对伊丽莎白的感情也非常的矛盾,一方面因为年龄相仿和伊丽莎白柔和的性格,她们其实是谈得来的好朋友,一方面社会阶段的巨大差异又横亘在面前让她们无法更为接近,伊丽莎白其实也喜欢这个女教师的,只是在女教师一旦化身成喋喋不休的教化员时才会反感,总的来说,这个女教师的不幸在现当代大部分郁郁不得志的人身上都有鲜活的影子,我们何尝不是在现实的沟壑中强迫自己仰望那一方遥远的星空呢,有些人会一样囿于这种矛盾,而有些人或许和她一样,终其一生都不能摆脱身上曾经的烙印。另一条主线里的男青年基本就像是社会上梦想无处实现的痛苦者代表,参加了战争看着同伴死去,按照历来的规律,一般经历过生死的人不会再着眼于身边细小的物质条件,会更加看重一些精神层面的东西,他们更关心人类另一个层面的活动,而这一层面在那个时代是无处容身的,没有可以让它介入的阶层,于是青年一边困于战争的创伤后遗症未愈,一边又受到了理想与现实无法相融的窘境,一天天的精神情况变得尤为糟糕,几次想到死亡,就像是患上了抑郁症的表现一样,痛苦只有他自己知道,妻子不知道,外人也不知道,他们都无法理解一个有了家室的青年为什么会想到去死,他们只是简单的认为他生病了,但其实他需要的是精神上的关怀和内心的共鸣,可惜的是谁都无法给他,即便站在现在的社会,关于这种疾病的误解依然比比皆是,就更别提医疗条件极其匮乏且意识不科学的年代了,他的悲剧是注定的,但我之前没想到作者用了这样的一种方式来渲染他的死亡,作者并没有让他如一般的作品一般,突然失心疯的溺死或被车撞死,或者去引发什么血案,而是通过他的治疗医生看似无心实则必然的方式将他逼入绝境,这位医生也是作者笔下成功的人物之一,虽然通篇来看,对他的描述只有寥寥几段。医生是一个沽名钓誉之辈,不过确确实实积累了财富,对他来说,病人的死活并不重要,他的医学理念的灌输和传播才是重要的,他的聪明之处在于,他给自己设置好要奉献一生的理念“正统”的近乎完美,治疗的根本就在于维护家庭安稳,让人安于自己所处的阶级,少思考那些让人苦恼的问题,这一点深受统治阶级的喜欢,所以名声也是水涨船高,针对那位战争回国的青年,治疗方式可谓简单粗暴,让妻子给他协调饮食的同时,让他多睡觉,没有时间去想东想西,在青年多次粗暴的抗拒他的医治后,不知道是否担心自己的声誉受损,不依不饶的登门拜访,名曰关心自己的病人,最终青年正好抑郁发作神志不清,把他当成了那些催逼着他让他苦恼的恐惧根源,慌不择路之下,青年跳楼而死,而医生也只是非常淡定的一面表达惋惜一面简单的叫人来安排后事,并且晚上依然按时赴约,在达洛维夫人的宴会上当成博人眼球的新闻来说。作者对这类人的厌恶之情通过达洛维夫人表现出来,夫人在听到医生夫妇在大说特说这件事之时,厌恶的走开了,表达了对青年的同情,觉得他一定是苦闷的无人倾诉才会这样,也在想要是普通的人甚至是自己遭遇到了不幸应该怎么办,但显然问题超出了达洛维夫人这个阶级所需要考虑的范畴,她无法得出结论,也势必没有结论,她最后所能担心的,或许也只是一天的宴会是否举办成功了,她在妇女之间有没有鹤立鸡群罢了,于是夜幕深重,达洛维夫人的一天又这样过去了,而对于某些人来说,他的一生也就是这样过去了。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(四):有一个姑娘,她生活优渥,她选择自杀

  男人因没钱而上天台,女人是为何?

  英国版林徽因 —— 伍尔夫的自杀故事。

  头四天阴雨绵绵,几乎看不出自己身处何方。雨停后,我看清在我小屋前的草坪和附属房屋之外,是一片片田野,田野四周立着光秃秃的树。伴着微光,远方有隐隐闪动的小河,奇怪的是,有时那闪光仿佛在地平线的上方。

  穿过英国南部旷野丘陵24公里的步道,脑子里是诺贝尔文学奖得主奈保尔对自己隐居的英国南部乡村的描绘,印象派画作的层层叠叠,有点文字版梵高的意思。

  前方就是伍尔夫最后定居的小屋,和投身的那条河。伍尔夫就死在这样一片景中。

  这片1600多平方公里的旷野,现在属于South Down国家公园,英国最年轻的国家公园。关于是否要在这里建国家公园,已经整整讨论了一个世纪。英国人对所有事情都有种关乎生命的谨慎。

  所以伍尔夫的自杀就更显得难以理解。她是典型的比我们优秀,比我们努力,比我们受到更多宠爱,享受着我们愿意花几万块钱去享受的蓝天白云。

  父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士出身剑桥,是著名文学评论家、学者和传记家,老爹的书柜就是伍尔夫接受的全部教育。而她的兄弟拉了一帮剑桥学者来家聚会,形成一个文艺和学术的中心 —— 著名的Bloomsbury集团,汇聚了当时各种文化界大咖:凯恩斯,麦卡锡,罗素,艾略特,乔伊斯,赫胥黎,还有伍尔夫的老公,作家伦纳德·伍尔夫,讨论的主题上至文化,下至性事。伍尔夫的才华和美貌让她成为这个聚会的中心,是英国版“太太的客厅”。

  电影《时时刻刻》里,伍尔夫的姐姐说,真羡慕你可以活在两个世界,一个是现实世界,一个是你自己小说的世界。唯一得以贯穿她两个世界的,是伍尔夫那个极宠她的丈夫,一起讨论她的小说,为她买印刷机,开出版社,出版她的所有作品。伍尔夫本来可以是英国版的林徽因,琴瑟和鸣成一个爱情传奇。但双亲过世,伍尔夫两次精神奔溃,企图跳窗自杀。丈夫一次次把她从死亡边缘拉回来。这对伍尔夫来说是痛苦的。

  伍尔夫通过写《达洛维夫人》进行自我救赎,养尊处优的克拉丽莎•达洛维夫人,因为嫁给了国会议员,要为有首相参加的晚宴做准备。而旧情人,喜欢冒险、理想化的彼得从印度归来,她遐想当初如果嫁给彼得,现在将是怎样的人生。达洛维夫人对现实的庸常和世俗是不满的,她渴望并守护彼得式的自由,也知道世俗是对自己最好的救赎。

  爱极了《时时刻刻》里两个女人和伍尔夫蒙太奇式的万种关系。朱利安摩尔扮演的家庭主妇布朗夫人,美国中产,丈夫成功,孩子乖巧,经历着和达洛维夫人一样的纠结。一边是伍尔夫的《达洛维夫人》,一边是装满一整个手提包的安眠药。只有她的孩子似乎察觉了母亲那一丝想要离去的念头,声嘶力竭。

  达洛维夫人和布朗夫人选择了生,伍尔夫选择了死,都是智慧的选择,作为女人,她们用最具有哲学意味的方式解决了生活的困境。

  观者难懂。达洛维夫人生活优渥,风姿尚存,为何对现实不满?布朗夫人家庭美满,不是女人最大的期盼吗?伍尔夫隐居于世外桃源中写作,不是写作者最大的梦想吗?

  未必。

  妮可基德曼在《时时刻刻》里饰演伍尔夫,她有句台词把敏感和思考都说到眼睛里了:

  Always to look life in the face, and to know it for what it is. At last, to love it for what it is, and then to put it away.

  这两天的朋友圈,充满着长假回来初上班的痛苦,这是人人都有的切肤之痛。很有意思的是,我身边女性朋友对长假的期待,和对上班的痛苦,要远胜于男人。当然不排除男人更倾向于自我消化这种苦闷。说个极端一点的数字,中国是世界上唯一一个女性自杀率高于男性的国家。但中国女人,不用像日韩女人那样伺候老公,也不用如西方女人这么独立自主,应该是活得最自在的,为何还要自杀?

  可以用存在主义大师萨特的基本理论来解释:人的存在是先于本质的。和世间很多事物不同,人类是先存在,再找到自己存在的意义和本质的。不像笔是用来写字,微生物是用来净化,人甚至比多数生物都迷茫自己的存在是为什么。公认的,在男权社会里,女人比男人更缺乏安全感,也更需要存在感。在过去,“女子无才”便是最好的存在,而现在西方女人的独立和亚洲女性的传统责任被同时附加在中国女人身上。

  讨论伍尔夫的死,对我们如何更好地生,是有意义的。

  伍尔夫一生都在探寻,于她而言写作不是终极,只是手段。对于我们来说,平平淡淡才是真,但对她来说,那些庸俗的日常,是那只怎么打也打不死的苍蝇。她只能结束自己,来结束庸常。夕阳诗情,黄昏画意,未必人人都愿沉醉。

  而我们无法脱俗如伍尔夫,也未必愿意陷入庸常。

  也许每个女人都有AB两面,庸俗和脱俗两面轮着播,才是可爱女人。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(五):她的一生用一天就写就了

  伍尔夫说她打算用一天写尽达洛维夫人的一生,那么,这一天如何囊括了她的一生呢?

  首先,她早上去买花,回家后她因为初恋情人彼德在多年后的来访而与彼德在同一时间,不同空间交替着追忆了她的、他们的青春(这是达洛维夫人的前生),而现在她则处于安逸舒适的中间地带—中年与老年过渡的阶段。所以伍尔夫的确用一天写出了她的一生,作为一个英国上层社会的妇女,达洛维夫人的人生从出生就已被写就,安安稳稳的长大,平平淡淡的结婚,找个门当户对的,足以让她舒适过完一生的男人,没有激情,也没有其他,相敬如宾。达洛维夫人除了时不时停下头脑的遐思来为自己补补礼服外,就是早上独自去买束花,似乎有了自己的独立,却脆弱得被一声胎爆声所惊醒....除此之外就是家庭,子女....所以伍尔夫才敢说一天就代表了她的一生,达洛维夫人的生活,就是文明社会下机械的变态产物,对女人和弱者而言更甚,因为他们在这样的社会中往往是被定义和书写的对象。

  所以达洛维夫人才会热衷于无聊的派对,一种掩饰,一种麻痹,直到诗人的死亡,表面的祥和太平再也无法掩饰生命的暗潮汹涌,死亡划破了达洛维脆弱得不堪一击的太平,那种空洞的表层还不如一张纸,稍稍一划就破了,就像鲜花着锦终无法掩盖泥土中腐坏的残渣,生活,琐碎,痛苦消融的残渣,掩盖不了尘归尘,土归土的本质。

  对于达洛维夫人而言,那一刻她看清了自己无法挣脱的命运,而她的青春美好也只能在追忆中回味和后悔,所以她的一生在这一天、这一刻被写就,根本无处可逃。

  在高度文明,机械化的现代社会,人人都是达洛维夫人,派对只是个意象,派对也可以换成买卖,可以换成做饭,可以换成上班,可以换成一切一切,只是那种蚕食我们意志,束缚我们灵魂的本质不曾改变。

  只是,大部分人会带着倦盹继续生活下去,从生活中找到更多乐趣,找到更多活下去的理由,如达洛维夫人。少部分人,则会决绝的撕下生活的伪装和空洞,试图寻找人生的意义,哪怕是以自己的生命为代价,如诗人。

  所以这是一本精巧的人生预言,从古至今、时时刻刻无不在上演。《达洛维夫人》的确无愧于它世界名著的地位。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(六):后遗症

  用一整本书的长度只写了一天之内的故事,又在一天之内集结了一生的回忆,并选择在过去与现在当面对质的那一瞬戛然而止。时至今日来读,这依然是让人惊叹的小说。

  很多时候我觉得那些新鲜的充满冒险的路已经都被人走尽了。有时候我们会觉得自己如此与众不同,应该立刻出发做些什么。但一旦穿上靴子就会看到,眼前坑坑洼洼的泥泞里已经布满了脚印。太过平庸的生活给我们一种自我良好的错觉,但那是因为不论时间过去一百年,一千年,大众的主流的生活永远都只是原地打转,了无生趣。看见了平庸并不代表什么,甚至比平庸本身更为悲哀。因为这使我们感到不甘,但不甘既无法带来一往无前的勇气,更无法保障开天辟地的才华。

  这样的人们终其一生,也许只是在疲惫工作的一天末尾,在柴米油盐的琐碎间隙,在丈夫或妻子的叹息中,孩子的哭闹里——或者比这些好些,只是在自己一个人孤孤单单的逼仄空间,偷偷地留着眼泪默诵一段破旧的诗篇。

  在这个故事里我最爱萨利。那个年轻的、唐突的、美丽的萨利·西顿。她总是让我联想起伊娃·格林,总觉得由伊娃来扮演她会很合适的。她们看起来都那么骄傲迷人,刀枪不入,我期待她们能终其一生永远如此。

  但,浪漫主义的时代已经过去了。

  正如克拉丽莎所说,萨利那烈火般的性格一度令人担忧她将最终走向覆灭。可她成了罗塞特夫人,生了五个儿子。现实生活中有比悲剧更让人哑口无言的东西,也许和一拳击打在软绵绵的棉花上比起来,粉身碎骨也算不上什么。

  在克拉丽莎、萨利、彼德最灿烂的那段年华里,他们都全情投入地热爱过彼此,热爱过生活。现在,这热情的余韵是一种创伤的后遗症。

  只要你曾经爱过什么,人,物,或者只是这个脆弱的世界和生命,爱到不惜将它打碎的程度,你就会明白,捧在手心里战战兢兢的那种感情,根本算不上爱。

  “死亡是一种沟通的渴望。”

  破碎虽然疼痛,但也是一种声音。

  好过我们从忍受到接受,在空虚与恐惧中煎熬,穿着漂亮的伪装对真实视而不见,望着面前久别重逢的你沉默寡言。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(七):没看懂的一本书

  结构很巧妙,以钟声为提示一点点推进,多个场景同时进行又以某条街道或某个小场景为支点进行切换,最终串联起来,很像一场电影。

  但是内容艰深。大段大段跳跃的甚至无甚关联的想法如潮水涌起退去,常常让我忘了引发人物思考的基础是什么——我迄今读过的最发散的内容(用kindle往前翻页真的很痛苦)。

  我总觉得克拉丽莎对年轻时候与萨利的友情讳莫如深,是因为那时候已经超越了友情甚至可说是恋情了,选择了嫁给理查德就选择了成为一名上层社会高贵正派的女主人——也才会对基尔曼小姐如此厌恶。即便与彼德在宴会结束后聊天又如何呢,能聊些什么呢。

  我没看懂这本书——人物思想理解不了,诸如塞普提默斯对医生的反感,克拉丽莎对塞普提默斯死亡的感慨等。不知道买本纸质书再翻几遍能否看明白。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(八):能感同身受。

  女性作家写的意识流,很感性语言也很美而流畅。不同人物之间的意识流转换自然,读起来,很有参与感。读了几章尤利西斯之后,读她的意识流小说,跟玩儿似得,不过语言真的很唯美。

  人物的话,女主达洛维夫人,我读出了她的同性恋倾向,她的优雅和懦弱,她的势利和天真,甚至于她任性中的恶与俗。其他人物也塑造得不错,通过进入该人物的意识,或者通过他人中有关该人物的意识,各式各样的人物,破局特色,又富有象征意义。他们各自的追求交织在这一天的活动里,那种浮华错乱的时代背景立现。

  结局来得很突然,以为还有内容呢,就这样留有悬念意味的结束了。我们可以随意揣度接下来发生的事情,不过我觉得无论何种描写接下之事的结局,都已经没有什么意义了,因为人物在此,已然展现了作为自我的全部,三个人的三角恋再写下去就俗了。这场宴会已然快结束,于此,就是这部小说作者构思中应有的结束。

  女性作家写的意识流,很感性语言也很美而流畅。不同人物之间的意识流转换自然,读起来,很有参与感。读了几章尤利西斯之后,读她的意识流小说,跟玩儿似得,不过语言真的很唯美。

  人物的话,女主达洛维夫人,我读出了她的同性恋倾向,她的优雅和懦弱,她的势利和天真,甚至于她任性中的恶与俗。其他人物也塑造得不错,通过进入该人物的意识,或者通过他人中有关该人物的意识,各式各样的人物,破局特色,又富有象征意义。他们各自的追求交织在这一天的活动里,那种浮华错乱的时代背景立现。

  结局来得很突然,以为还有内容呢,就这样留有悬念意味的结束了。我们可以随意揣度接下来发生的事情,不过我觉得无论何种描写接下之事的结局,都已经没有什么意义了,因为人物在此,已然展现了作为自我的全部,三个人的三角恋再写下去就俗了。这场宴会已然快结束,于此,就是这部小说作者构思中应有的结束。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(九):情感和无意识

  这是我完整读下的第一部意识流长篇小说。

  选择意识流是因为Virginia Woolf讲述女性主义观点的一篇演讲稿。这篇演讲稿中,Virginia Woolf将女性在欲望表达和生活诉求方面收到的精神压抑通过女作家在无意识中写作、却受到有意识的男女差别观念的干扰表现出来。吸引我的不是女性主义,而是这种无意识的写作方式,即意识流写作。意识流写作最重要的理论基础是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,“无意识是精神的真实”。这一理论认为人的真实想法和欲望存在于人的潜意识之中,睡梦是这潜意识释放的窗口之一。而Virginia Woolf所说的无意识写作方式,即作家处于迷睡状态,让无意识的真实想法慢慢释放。因此,意识流写作的特点是,90%的篇幅均为人的心理和意识描写,情节简单,如《达洛维夫人》全书情节是一天之内发生的几件简单的事情,大量的篇幅都在描述人的心理状态。这种心理状态无逻辑、杂乱,是作家与人物融为一体之后,对人物意识的描述。意识流作家认为这些意识的描述是反应世界真实面貌的重要方式。Virginia Woolf在她的随笔《现代小说》中提到在一个普通的日子里,一个普通人的“头脑接受着千千万万个印象——细小的、奇异的、倏尔而逝的,或者用锋利的钢刀刻下来的。这些印象来自四面八方,宛如一阵阵不断坠落的无数微尘”,这就是真实的生活。而“按照那些微尘纷纷坠落到人们头脑中的顺序,把它们记录下来”是意识流作家力图反映真实生活的方法。

  基于对意识流作家写作方式的这般理解,在阅读《达洛维夫人》每个人物的心绪时,我都加

  入极强的代入感,将自己带入情景设置之中,跟随作者的随想思路体会作者想要挖掘的

  心理和情感。因为本书大部分篇章均为心理描写,所以这种阅读方式极耗情感,但也是我认

  为最有效的阅读方式。因为自身文学基础薄弱,所读版本亦为翻译版,故以下读后感着重于

  小说内容和所表达的情感,而非语言、结构和手法。

  阅读完《达洛维夫人》我的整体印象是这本书挖掘的是看似平静生活下的暗流涌动。所谓涌

  动的暗流就是每个人物,无论大人物还是小人物应对生活的涟漪迭起的心理碰撞。而这一心

  里碰撞表现出来就是每个人稍纵即逝的瞬间情感,而虽然短暂,这些碎片的情感却对每个人

  物的命运甚至一生都产生了不可磨灭的影响。书中让我印象最深一个是战后受精神疾病困扰

  的塞尔普特斯的生活,一个是对于达洛维夫人和其几个青年时期玩伴的过去与现在。

  战后受精神疾病困扰的塞尔普特斯的生活在我看来是最能体现平静生活下暗流涌动的。而这

  种体现是通过彼得维什的目光得到的。阔别伦敦几十年而再回来,彼得维什觉得一切都体现

  了文明和伦敦积极的变化,带着这样的看法,他在公园看到塞尔普特斯夫妇时感到这对年轻

  人的恩爱和谐,但其实由于塞尔普特斯在精神疾病下的反常,雷齐娅(塞尔普特斯的妻子)

  正处于崩溃的边缘;当塞尔普特斯从楼上跳下自杀时,彼得维什因为救护车的高效处理而感

  到了伦敦的文明,但他不知道,引发这文明的是多么沉重的痛苦。这种暗流在初来伊迪丝的

  眼里则十分明显,刚刚看到雷齐娅和塞尔普特斯夫妇的时候,她就感觉到了伦敦一切的不对

  劲了。是的,战争之后,似乎一切都回归了平静,生活安宁,塞尔普特斯这般在战场上表现

  卓越的战士也获得了嘉奖。但是,战争的影响就像一切事物在我们心理上留下的痕迹是久久

  不可磨灭的。塞尔普特斯因战争中受到的心灵创伤失去了正常的感觉,每日处于对宗教、对

  战争中死去的故友重生的幻想中。看似甜蜜的生活中,隐藏着悲痛、无奈、冷漠。但是塞尔

  普特斯的生活给我留下深刻印象的原因还有另一个,是妻子对他的爱。由于精神疾病,塞尔

  普特斯每日沉浸在自己的幻想中,雷齐娅是孤独的,她无比绝望,想要听从名医的意见,将

  他的丈夫送进封闭的治疗中心。但是,当丈夫看到她正在制作的帽子,一瞬回到现实,对帽

  子提了意见、对身边的人做了几句好笑的议论之后,这对夫妇一起调笑。而雷齐娅在那个时

  候感受到了爱,感受到了丈夫在心中无可替代的陪伴。尽管丈夫很快又恢复了幻想,她坚决

  不愿意医生再来干扰自己丈夫的生活,她恢复了对丈夫的一切信心。不幸的是,丈夫最终还

  是自杀了。丈夫自杀之后,Virginia Woolf对妻子幻想的描述或许能让我们感受到这种爱是怎

  样的。“她戴上帽子,在玉米地里奔跑。——这能是哪里呢?爬上某个小山丘,靠近海的某

  个地方,因为那里有船舶、海鸥、蝴蝶。他们坐在一个峭壁上。在伦敦,他们也是那样坐着,

  半梦半醒……她觉得自己被撒开了,像散落在某个坟上的、飞舞的花朵。”就像诗中的意象,

  雷齐娅绝望得幻想丈夫生前的陪伴,在绝美的场景中陪丈夫半梦半醒地坐着,是雷齐娅在自

  己的坚守中体味到的幸福和满足,无论这坚守有多艰难。

  达洛维夫人和其几个玩伴之间的关系则更加复杂和微妙,无可言说,却被Virginia Woolf根

  据她对人心、生活的理解真实地、流畅地通过每个人的心理描绘出来。首先是达洛维夫人即

  克拉丽莎和她的丈夫理查德的婚姻。克拉丽莎爱过自己小时候的玩伴彼得,但是因为彼得的

  敏感使两个人的相处没有各自的空间,克拉丽莎认定和彼得在一起不会幸福,不管自己有多

  爱他,于是在年轻的时候拒绝了彼得,选择了理查德,对理查德的没有激情的爱是克拉丽莎

  在婚姻中冷淡的原因之一。但是彼得对克拉丽莎的爱几十年后仍未减退,只是随着时间的流

  逝,愈加深刻,克拉丽莎与他青春的相处对他产生的影响足以持续一生,而有了新的爱情的

  他再见到克拉丽莎仍是忍耐不住哭泣,仍是拿起了他焦虑和欢愉时候都要玩弄的折刀。克拉

  丽莎青春时候爱的一个女孩萨莉是一个开放不羁、惹人喜爱的女孩,她从不遮掩的天性、对

  生活本质快乐的追求、不顾一切外在约束的性格都让克拉丽莎着迷。但几十年后,宴会相聚,

  两人有对于相互的偏见,但更重要的是还有对相互的爱。理查德对于自己的妻子克拉丽莎则

  一直是敬重的、充满爱的。五十几岁的他听到克拉丽莎爱过的彼得回来,买了束花,想要鼓

  足勇气对克拉丽莎说上一句“我爱你”,但最终还是因为胆怯未说出口。他待人温和,尊重

  每个人,对于克拉丽莎是能得到平稳幸福的依靠。在这本书的最后,萨莉和彼得谈起这么多

  年的种种和往事,议论宴会上的每个人,克拉丽莎看着他们想到“他们会聊起往事……那花

  园、树林、客厅的墙纸、垫子的 味道……萨莉必定永远是这一切的一部分,彼得必定也是。”

  所有青春时候的嫉妒、讽刺、美好、倾诉、欣赏都已经将一切情感放在这些人的心中,让每

  一个人在余生接受外物的时候,心中的反应都体现这些情感的隐流,直到这些心理碰撞积累

  到一定年月,直到彼得想到“What is this terror? what is this ecstasy? He thought to himself.

  What is that fills me with extraordinary excitement. It is Clarissa, he said. For there she has.”一切

  都已经不必再言说。生活就是如此,最精妙的永远无法用语言再去表达,这是Virginia Woolf

  就此戛然而止的原因吧。

  关于Virginia Woolf提倡的女性主义,可能我太过于关注她对于心理的描写,我并没有感觉

  到。我感觉到的只是Virginia Woolf对每个人心理的流畅描写,包含的声音、图像、对生命

  的感慨、对爱情婚姻的观点和情愫。一切是复杂的、杂乱的,因为生活本来如此,情感本来

  如此。于是,这些人一生的轨迹和可能产生的想法就在一天的情节设置中结束。

  最后还是想说,无意识、潜意识或者生活中一切的碎片都是重要的,我们都应该严肃的对待

  因为它们是生活的积累,是我们真实生活和想法的所在。

  《达洛维夫人》读后感(十):一念一生,时时刻刻 ——你不知道我为什么而选择

  “居家天使”克拉丽莎·达洛维,一朵力求尽善尽美的“英伦玫瑰”。当玫瑰决定亲自去买花,思想的幻影与生活的真实之间就被模糊了界限。当芦苇都会因为思考而保有了折断前的全部尊严,被当做点缀的女人一路暗中披荆斩棘,才能不动声色的让一场宴会妆点了枯萎中的自己。

  而这不过是她平凡的一生中的平凡的一天,安然度过,一如往常。

  完美的英伦玫瑰们从小就吟唱着这样的《鹅妈妈童谣》:“小男孩是由什么做的?青蛙和蜗牛,还有小狗的尾巴。小女孩是由什么做的?糖和香料,还有一切美好的东西。”生于蔷薇之国的女孩,就是这样被教育长大:哲学不如诗歌,料理不如刺绣,象棋不如跳舞……因此,做一个什么都不知道的天使,是社会替她们做出的选择。时间带走了她们的青春,生活磨平了她们的梦想,家庭拘束住她们的行动……而婚姻?婚姻对她们来说,不过是从前半生的南枝巢换到了后半生的金丝笼。因此,所有人都忘记了,在把女仪、持家、母教那些东西强加给女性作为定语之前,应该首先记得:女人也是人,女人也有灵魂,甚至有时候,会比男人更强韧。

  天使的典范——昨日的克拉丽莎小姐,今日的达洛维夫人。作为议员夫人,她在生活中时刻围绕着她的丈夫她的女儿她的家,为举办好一场晚宴而一整天都在做准备。在大本钟的轰鸣中,她的思维却回到了过去的时光中,再次与她挚爱的恋人与朋友相会,并不断比较着昔日的浪漫与今日的荣光——她发现,纵使自己满意于现在精心构造的一切,但也无法停止渴求那些无法回头的过去,一切错过的可能性都已在且只在他人的生命中发生,而她只能沿着她所选择的物质道路义无返顾的奔赴那看似光鲜却漫无边际的未来。

  此刻的辉煌,或许难长久,而未来会怎样,谁也看不清。周梦蝶曾写下这样的诗句:“谁是心里藏着镜子的人呢?谁肯赤着脚踏过他的一生?所有的眼都给眼蒙住了。谁能于雪中取火,且铸火为雪?在菩提树下。一个只有半个面孔的人,抬眼向天,以叹息回答那欲自高处沉沉俯向他的蔚兰。”同样,女人要经过多少重身份,才能真正的做回自己?难道只要对每一个世俗所认为应有的目标报以热忱,就真的能收获一个让心中的自我彻底满足的结果?照着镜子能看到自己精心的妆容,但真正的面容永远都是模糊的。

  人生有种种选择,上一秒的判断决定下一秒行动的改变,瞬间就能使生命变得截然不同。如果谁选择日复一日、年复一年重复一些事情,那并不是为了自己去做,而是因为以爱之名,而选择了高尚的忍受。无论是作为女儿、女友、恋人还是妻子,都不过是达洛维夫人所扮演过且扮演着的角色,她心中对此无比清醒,但是也无能为力。世界是个舞台,以生命长短来衡量每个人的演出时间。这一幕戏结束,下一幕戏开启,被周围的一切所操纵着往前走的人们,是戏子也是棋子。想要改变这一切的人,往往会选择中途退场,却不知这也是剧本的一部分。

  戏中人达洛维夫人是演戏的人,也是看戏的人。她扮演好自己的角色,拒绝评论的同时仍停不下思索。她知道生活本质并非欢乐,因此她才会想为他人努力创造欢乐,纵使能完成的只是某种表象,而真正的结果总不尽如人意。她的生命正在一点一点被切除,可是她一旦想到自己的选择或多或少总会使他人受益,她便更加卖力的去完成他人所认定的自我形象,贯彻这些有益的所作所为哪怕时刻伴随着淡淡的怅惘……无论如何,她都会认为这一切毕竟是值得的。

  因此她要举办宴会,她要在美好的六月的早晨走出家门,一个人去买花,亲力亲为的完成这幕戏的布景安排。即便,在这一过程中,她发现已到台前担当主角的人回不去幕后,也执意要把这出高潮做到最完美,哪怕只是看起来。

  这世间常有的一种逻辑是,因为我为了我心目中你的幸福而牺牲了很多,所以你也一定要达成我所认定能使你幸福的那个梦想,并且无论你再牺牲多少,肯定都比不过我已经牺牲的,因此你必须做到,无论多难都是应该的。即便不讨论是否公平,持这种逻辑的大多数也已忘记了前者的牺牲明明是为了后者不要再牺牲那么多。因为自己没有幸福,所以希望对方幸福,变成了因为自己没有幸福,所以把自己的幸福捆绑在对方身上,最后谁也没有得到幸福。人人都书写着自己意识流体的人生,交错着形成世界,可是,不是压抑住最初的自己,就能磨灭心中真正的渴望。很多时候我们以为在交流,其实不过是在自说自话,我们以为能理解和被理解,却不知道我们是隔着一堵墙,看不见彼此的真实,听不到彼此的心声。我们用互相关爱的方式,每一天都在互相伤害。

  为别人牺牲自我是高贵的,可是真正的自我又该怎么办?如果每个人都这样想,那么用自己换来的周围的笑容又怎会是真实的?在达洛维夫人的晚宴上,大家都在得体的笑着,却谁都并非是真正的快乐。阴暗的情绪化作耳语流言,不是不去听就能够避免。人们低语着,战争的幸存者在和平到来后却选择了自杀……死亡,甜蜜的黑暗,诱惑的长眠。比起热爱生活,人更热爱生命。要有多少勇气和深情,才能义无返顾的用死亡拥抱生命?天空那么蓝,空气那么美好,看着真的不想死,可是太清醒的人再也无法苟活下去。那个死去的青年是怀揣着珍宝跳下去的吗?那珍宝的名字,可以叫做记忆,可以叫做存在,也可以叫做生命本身。在自我消散后,也会很快湮没在他人的忘却里。

  唯有达洛维夫人是清醒的。她曾这样对自己说:“如果此刻就能奔赴黄泉,那么此刻就是最幸福的。”只要活着,就无法避免因抉择的每一步而带来的痛苦,就不能忘怀为他人牺牲所造成的遗憾。有的人能克服痛苦,有的人被痛苦吞没,还有一部分人,选择与痛苦共生。因此根源在我,症结在我,今日灵与肉分离或是沉沦,亦全在我。想要从痛苦中解脱出来,就必须先回到痛苦中去。无论逃避多久,它都在那里。达洛维夫人明白这个道理,因此她选择成就瞬息的欢乐,同时对于漫长的痛苦,她也不会选择忘记。

  思绪是天使在这世间仅存的羽翼。前行下去的女人是悲凉的强者,却不因此而觉得自己悲凉。《达洛维夫人》原名《时光》,因此读这本小说总会想起《时时刻刻》。这是一部根据此书改编而成的电影,以三个不同的时代,再次重现了自我认知觉醒的女性的选择与人生。有篇影评曾如此说,“传统道德鼓励牺牲个人欲望,集体利益高于个人利益,家庭和谐高于个体健康,我不否认和谐的意义,然而,死水一样僵硬的和谐往往会生出一池塘恶心的绿藻,人不是抽屉里的袜子,可以整齐划一的生活。”但是已经生存于生活之中的人,到底怎样才能找到真正的自我之路?电影给出的答案是:“让我们记住共同走过的那些岁月,记住时光,记住爱。”

  书外的作者伍尔夫是觉醒的女性,她选择了自尽来结束自己的一生,而书中的达洛维夫人也是清醒着的,但她却选择继续走下去自己的生活。一死一生,截然不同。而故事里,为什么死去的是沃伦·史密斯而活着的是达洛维夫人?其实男女并没有差异,性别只是身体上的一个标签,而谁也不能认清灵魂真正是什么颜色。人们相爱是精神上的吸引,不但性向只是一层外衣,就连灵魂的强度,也与性别无关。即使清醒认知也能如地载物者,才能真正在地面上生存下去,直到最终尘归尘,土归土。

  读《达洛维夫人》,可以读出时代变迁,读出女性主义,读出意识流,读出心理学,读出酷儿运动……能读出的内涵,太多太多。而译者是原著与读者之间的一座桥梁,同时也是文本与读者之间的一堵墙。文本是译者与作者之间的一座桥梁,也是译者与作者之间的一堵墙。误读无处不在,关键在于品格。好在伍尔夫是一位个性鲜明的作者,而姜向明老师是一位笔锋透明的译者。把握得当,文本如丝绸在染缸中搅动,却并没有改变它的颜色。达洛维夫人灵魂的韧度已然力透纸背,纵使她走不出结尾也走不出买花的这一天,但是她确确实实的影响到了我们的生活。

  生活中有许许多多的达洛维夫人从我们面前走过,有时候甚至就是我们的自我。只是我们并没有认出她。她的衣裾或许不再是摇曳的姿态,但天使的背上依然长有思维的羽翼,一直在生长,且永不收起,等待能够真正飞翔的日子到来。若我们发现她,追上她,询问她,就像是询问自我,或许她会笑着否定,她不是谁的天使,也不懂谁的天堂,因为我们永不知道,她在每一时刻,都是为什么而选择。

  ——发于《北京青年报》2014.6.20

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